持久化存储

RDB（速度快，实时性差，恢复i/o影响性能）

RDB：快照文件*.rdb，redis database简写

redis6.016一下快照默认配置

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
#   Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
#
#   It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
#   points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
#   like in the following example:
#
#   save ""

save 900 1   #表示900s内有1个key变化就保存快照到rdb
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes

# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb

# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./

redis7.0

手动生成RDB文件

lastsave 查看上次保存快照时间

save

在主程序中执行会阻塞当前redis服务器，知道持久化工作完成执行save命令期间，redis不能处理其他命令**，线上禁止使用**

bgsave

开启新线程保存快照，不影响业务缓存数据，推荐实时保存数据

修复rdb

redis-check-rdb 文件名

哪些情况会触发RDB快照

• 配置文件中默认的快照配置
• 手动 save/bgsave 命令
• 执行flush / flushdb 命令也会产生 dump.rdb 文件，但里面是空的，无意义
• 执行 shutdown 且没有设置开启 AOF 持久化
• 主从复制时，主节点自动触发

禁用快照

命令禁用

redis-cli config set save “”

配置文件禁用

优化配置

#默认yes，如果设置no，表示你不在乎数据不一致或者有其他的手段发现和控制这种不一致，那么在快照写入失败时候也能确保redis继续接受新的写请求
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
#默认yes，对于存储到磁盘中的快照，可以设置是否进行压缩功能存储，如果是的话，redistribution会采用lzf算法进行压缩，如果你不想消耗cpu进行压缩的话，可以关闭
rdbcompression yes
#在没有持久性情况下删除复制中使用的rdb文件启用，默认no
rdb-del-sync-files no
#默认yes，存储快照后，可以让redis使用crc64算法进行数据校验，但是这样做会增加10%性能消耗，如果希望获取最大性能提升，可以关闭此功能
rdbchecksum yes

AOF(append only file)（更好的保护数据不丢失、性能高、可做紧急恢复,恢复速度慢于rdb）

以日志的形式来记录每个写操作，将Redis执行过的所有写指令记录下来(读操作不记录)，只许追加文件但不可以改写文件，redis启动之初会读取该文件重新构建数据，换言之，redis重启的话就根据日志文件的内容将写指令从前到后执行一次以完成数据的恢复工作
默认情况下，redis是没有开启AOF的
开启AOF 功能需要设置配置 ： appendonly yes
aof优势：默认可能只丢失1秒的数据，数据实时性好于rdb

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".

# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes

缓冲区三种写回策略

恢复

异常恢复

异常修复命令 ： redis-check-aof --fix 进行修复

AOF 优化配置项详解

RDB - AOF混合持久化

应用场景

RDB全量持久化，AOF增量持久化

开启方式

#配置文件配置
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes
#命令开启
config set aof-use-rdb-preamble yes

触发命令

自动触发

满足配置文件中的选项后，Redis会记录上次重写时地AOF大小
默认配置是当AOF文件大小是上次rewrite后大小的一倍且文件大于64M时

手动触发

客户端向服务器发送 bgrewriteaof 命令
**现象：**也就是一旦重写就会生成新的base、incr文件，去替换之前的

同时开启两种持久化方式

当redis 重启时候会优先载入AOF文件来恢复原始的数据，因为在通常情况下AOF文件保存的数据集要比RDB文件保存的数据集要完整
RDB的数据不实时，同时使用两者时服务器重启也只会找AOF文件。
那要不要只使用AOF呢
安特雷兹建议不要
因为RDB更适合用于备份数据库（AOF不断变化不好备份），留着AOF作为一个万一的手段

纯缓存模式

同时关闭RDB + AOF

• save “”
  • 禁用rdb
  • 禁用db持久化模式下，我们仍然可以使用命令save、bgsave生成rdb文件
• appendonly no
  • 禁用aof
  • 禁用aof持久化模式下，我们仍然可以使用命令 bgrewriteaof生成aof文件