Python基础⑧：异常处理

1、常见异常的产生

1）除0运算——ZeroDivisionError
2）找不到可读文件——FileNotFoundError
3）值错误——ValueError
4）索引错误——IndexError
5）类型错误——TypeError
6）变量名错误——NameError

2、异常的处理

1）try_except
  ① 单分支

x = 10
y = 0
try:
	z = x/y
except ZeroDivisionError:
	print("0不能作除数")

  ② 多分支

ls = []
d = {"name":"LC"}
try:
	d["age"]
except NameError:
	print("变量名不存在")
except IndexError:
	print("索引超出界限")
except KeyError:
	print("键不存在")

  ③ 万能异常 Exception

ls = []
d = {"name":"LC"}
try:
	d["age"]
except Exception:
	print("出错了")

  ④ 捕获异常的值 as

ls = []
d = {"name":"LC"}
try:
	y = m
	d["age"]
except Exception as e:  # 获取错误的值
	print(e)

2）try_except_else

try:
	with open("try.txt") as f:
		text = f.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
	print("找不到文件")
else:
	print("找到了")

3）try_except_finally：无论try模块是否执行，finally最后都会执行

ls = []
d = {"name":"LC"}
try:
	y = x
	ls[3]
	d["age"]
except Exception as e:  # 获取错误的值
	print(e)
finally:
	print("执行finally")