Java定时任务调度工具详解之Timer篇

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-07 11:05:38 发布

ordinary_coder

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-07 11:05:38 发布

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分类专栏： Java_SE 文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38701432/article/details/114156059

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Timer简介:

java.util.Timer

一种定时任务调度工具,一个后台的线程,对多个业务线程,定时定频率的调度

Timer(后台线程)->TimerTask(业务线程)

结构:

入门程序:

package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.util.TimerTask;

public class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {
    private String name;
    public MyTimerTask(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //task
        System.out.println("this class field name is "+name);
    }
}
package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.util.Timer;

public class MyTimerMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        MyTimerTask timerTask = new MyTimerTask("NO.1");
        //首次执行,在当前时间的1秒以后,之后每隔两秒钟执行一次
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L,2000L);
    }
}

重要Api:

timer.schedule的四种用法:

timer.scheduleAtFixedRate的两种用法:

两种情况:

1.首次计划执行的时间早于当前的时间

schedule:以当前时间为准,执行计划

scheduleAtFixedRate:由于被延后,所以为了赶上进度,会多次执行任务

2.任务执行所需时间超出任务的执行周期间隔

schedule:会按照计划任务成时间为准,执行计划,周期为任务计划完成时间,不断延后

scheduleAtFixedRate:还是以原间隔时间为准,不会延后,但是存在并发性

package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {
    private String name;
    public MyTimerTask(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //task
        Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
    }
}
package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Timer;

public class MyTimerMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        MyTimerTask timerTask = new MyTimerTask("NO.1");
        //首次执行,在当前时间的1秒以后,之后每隔两秒钟执行一次
        //timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L,2000L);

        //1.
       /* Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,具体时间点
        timer.schedule(timerTask,instance.getTime());*/
        //2.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,具体时间点,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,instance.getTime(),2000L);*/
        //3.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L);*/
        //4.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,当前时间点之后 间隔时间段,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L,2000L);*/

        //1.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,时间点,间隔时间段
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(timerTask,instance.getTime(),2000L);*/

        //2.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,当前时间点之后 间隔时间段,间隔时间段
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(timerTask,1000L,2000L);*/
    }
}

timer.cancel() 终止计时器,丢弃所有当前已安排的任务

package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class TimerTaskDemo extends TimerTask {
    private String name;

    public TimerTaskDemo(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void run() {
        System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" task name is"+name);
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
    }
}
class TimerTaskMain{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        TimerTaskDemo task1 = new TimerTaskDemo("task1");
        TimerTaskDemo task2 = new TimerTaskDemo("task2");
        timer.schedule(task1,1000L,2000L);
        timer.schedule(task2,2000L,1000L);
        try {
            Thread.sleep(5000L);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("准备丢弃正在执行的任务...");
        //丢弃所有已安排的任务
        timer.cancel();
        System.out.println("已丢弃正在执行的任务...");
    }
}

timer.purge() 从此计时器的任务队列中移除所有已取消的任务数

public class TimerTaskDemo extends TimerTask {
    private String name;

    public TimerTaskDemo(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void run() {
        System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" task name is "+name);
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
    }
}
class TimerTaskMain{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        TimerTaskDemo task1 = new TimerTaskDemo("task1");
        TimerTaskDemo task2 = new TimerTaskDemo("task2");
        timer.schedule(task1,1000L,2000L);
        timer.schedule(task2,2000L,1000L);
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000L);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        task1.cancel();
        System.out.println("丢弃已经执行完成的任务...,任务名称为"+timer.purge());
    }
}

TimerTask cancel 函数用法:

package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {
    private String name;
    private Integer count = 0;
    public MyTimerTask(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if(count<3){
            //task
            Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
            System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
            count++;
        }else{
            /**
             * 退出当前任务
             */
            cancel();
            System.out.println("the cancel!");
        }
    }
}
package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Timer;

public class MyTimerMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        MyTimerTask timerTask = new MyTimerTask("NO.1");
        //首次执行,在当前时间的1秒以后,之后每隔两秒钟执行一次
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L,2000L);

        //1.
       /* Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,具体时间点
        timer.schedule(timerTask,instance.getTime());*/
        //2.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,具体时间点,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,instance.getTime(),2000L);*/
        //3.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L);*/
        //4.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,当前时间点之后 间隔时间段,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L,2000L);*/

        //1.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,时间点,间隔时间段
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(timerTask,instance.getTime(),2000L);*/

        //2.
       /* Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,当前时间点之后 间隔时间段,间隔时间段
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(timerTask,1000L,2000L);*/
    }
}

TimerTask scheduledExecutionTime函数(返回任务最近实际执行的已安排执行的时间)用法:

package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {
    private String name;
    private Integer count = 0;
    public MyTimerTask(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if(count<3){
            //task
            Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
            System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
            count++;
        }else{
            /**
             * 退出当前任务
             */
            cancel();
            System.out.println("the cancel!");
        }
    }
}
package com.sssd.timing.timer;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Timer;

public class MyTimerMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        MyTimerTask timerTask = new MyTimerTask("NO.1");
        //首次执行,在当前时间的1秒以后,之后每隔两秒钟执行一次
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L);
        //返回任务最近实际执行的已安排执行的时间
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(timerTask.scheduledExecutionTime()));

        //1.
       /* Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,具体时间点
        timer.schedule(timerTask,instance.getTime());*/
        //2.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,具体时间点,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,instance.getTime(),2000L);*/
        //3.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L);*/
        //4.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,当前时间点之后 间隔时间段,间隔时间段
        timer.schedule(timerTask,1000L,2000L);*/

        //1.
        /*Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,时间点,间隔时间段
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(timerTask,instance.getTime(),2000L);*/

        //2.
       /* Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(instance.getTime()));
        instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,3);
        //业务类对象,当前时间点之后 间隔时间段,间隔时间段
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(timerTask,1000L,2000L);*/
    }
}

Timer函数综合应用

package com.sssd.timing.timer.app;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.TimerTask;
//跳舞机器人
public class DancingRobot extends TimerTask {

    public void run() {
        //打印最近一次的执行时间
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(scheduledExecutionTime()));
        //
        System.out.println("Dancing...");
    }
}
package com.sssd.timing.timer.app;

import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
//灌水机器人
public class WaterRobot extends TimerTask {

    private Timer timer ;
    private final Integer MAX_BUCKET_CAPACITY = 5;
    private Integer initBucketCapacity = 0;
    public WaterRobot(Timer timer){
        this.timer = timer;
    }

    public void run() {
        //灌水直至通满为止
        if(initBucketCapacity<MAX_BUCKET_CAPACITY){
            System.out.println("Add 1L water into the bucket!");
            initBucketCapacity++;
        }else{
            //水满之后就停止执行
            cancel();
            System.out.println("bucket capacity is "+initBucketCapacity);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            timer.cancel();
        }
    }
}
package com.sssd.timing.timer.app;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
//Timer的缺陷
//1.管理并发任务的缺陷
//2.当任务抛出异常的缺陷
public class Executor {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        DancingRobot dancingTask = new DancingRobot();
        WaterRobot waterTask = new WaterRobot(timer);
        System.out.println("current time is "+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date()));
        timer.schedule(dancingTask,new Date(),2000L);
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(waterTask,new Date(),1000L);
    }
}

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Java定时任务调度工具详解之Timer篇

Timer简介:java.util.Timer一种定时任务调度工具,一个后台的线程,对多个业务线程,定时定频率的调度Timer(后台线程)->TimerTask(业务线程)结构:入门程序:package com.sssd.timing.timer;import java.util.TimerTask;public class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask { private String name; public.
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