python基础方法

Ctrl + d 退出交互模式
print() 打印

>>> print(10+2)
12

input() 输入

>>> a = input("请输入:")
请输入:18
>>> a
'18'
>>> type(a) 
<class 'str'>   #返回的赋值类型是字符串

type() 查看数据类型

import 导入模块

help(‘keywords’) 查看关键字

>>> help('keywords')

Here is a list of the Python keywords.  Enter any keyword to get more help.

False               class               from                or
None                continue            global              pass
True                def                 if                  raise
and                 del                 import              return
as                  elif                in                  try
assert              else                is                  while
async               except              lambda              with
await               finally             nonlocal            yield
break

id() 查看内存地址

>>> id(a)
1990988832

dir() 查看方法

dir(__builtins__)  #查看所有内置函数
>>> dir(__builtins__)
['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionError', 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'False', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'ModuleNotFoundError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'RecursionError', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopAsyncIteration', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'ZeroDivisionError', '_', '__build_class__', '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'ascii', 'bin', 'bool', 'breakpoint', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'exit', 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'quit', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip']

global 引用全局变量
nonlocal 引用局部变量

len() 取长度

>>> a
'18'
>>> len(a)
2

min() 取最小值

>>> a
'18'
>>> min(a)
'1'

max() 取最大值

>>> a
'18'
>>> max(a)
'8'

sorted() 正向排序

>>> a
'524561231651654324'
>>> sorted(a)
['1', '1', '1', '2', '2', '2', '3', '3', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5', '5', '6', '6', '6']

reversed() 反向排序

>>> a = "5187"
>>> for i in reversed(a):
...     print(i)
... 
7
8
1
5
 #所谓的反向排序就是从尾部向首部取值
 #要想实现从大到小排序要结合正向排序使用
>>> a = "8467132"
>>> for i in reversed(sorted(a)):
...     print(i, end=" ")
... 
8 7 6 4 3 2 1