设计模式——建造者模式

设计模式——建造者模式

1-  建造者模式的定义

建造者模式：使用多个简单的对象一步一步构建成一个复杂的对象，将复杂对象的构建与表示相分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。

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2-  建造者模式的具体代码实现

2-1复杂对象

为了更好的了解建造者模式，假设有一个复杂的对象Rocket，代码如下

package designPattern.test.builder.vo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 需要建造的复杂的对象：火箭
 */
public abstract class Rocket implements Serializable{

    //多个助推器
    private Assistor[] assistors;

    //发动机
    private Engine engine;

    //整流罩
    private Fairing fairing;

    //火箭控制系统
    private ControlSystem controlSystem;

    public Assistor[] getAssistors() {
        return assistors;
    }

    public void setAssistors(Assistor[] assistors) {
        this.assistors = assistors;
    }

    public Engine getEngine() {
        return engine;
    }

    public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
        this.engine = engine;
    }

    public Fairing getFairing() {
        return fairing;
    }

    public void setFairing(Fairing fairing) {
        this.fairing = fairing;
    }

    public ControlSystem getControlSystem() {
        return controlSystem;
    }

    public void setControlSystem(ControlSystem controlSystem) {
        this.controlSystem = controlSystem;
    }

    //火箭发射方法
    public abstract void launch();

}

Rocket对象是由一个Assistor数组、一个Engine对象、一个Fairing对象以及一个ControlSystem对象组成，这4个部件的具体定义如下

Assistor：

package designPattern.test.builder.vo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 助推器类：建造Rocket的部件
 */
public class Assistor implements Serializable{

    //直径
    private double diameter;

    //高度
    private double height;

    //推力大小
    private double force;

    public double getDiameter() {
        return diameter;
    }

    public void setDiameter(double diameter) {
        this.diameter = diameter;
    }

    public double getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    public void setHeight(double height) {
        this.height = height;
    }

    public double getForce() {
        return force;
    }

    public void setForce(double force) {
        this.force = force;
    }
}

Engine：

package designPattern.test.builder.vo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 火箭发动机：Rocket的组成部件
 */
public class Engine implements Serializable{

    //材料
    private String material;

    //长
    private double length;

    //宽
    private double width;

    //高
    private double height;

    //重量
    private double weight;

    //动力
    private double power;

    public String getMaterial() {
        return material;
    }

    public void setMaterial(String material) {
        this.material = material;
    }

    public double getLength() {
        return length;
    }

    public void setLength(double length) {
        this.length = length;
    }

    public double getWidth() {
        return width;
    }

    public void setWidth(double width) {
        this.width = width;
    }

    public double getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    public void setHeight(double height) {
        this.height = height;
    }

    public double getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(double weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public double getPower() {
        return power;
    }

    public void setPower(double power) {
        this.power = power;
    }
}

Fairing：

package designPattern.test.builder.vo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 整流罩：构建Rocket的组成部件
 */
public class Fairing implements Serializable {

    //材质
    private String material;

    //燃点
    private double firePoint;

    //直径
    private double diameter;

    //颜色
    private String color;

    //重量
    private double weight;

    public String getMaterial() {
        return material;
    }

    public void setMaterial(String material) {
        this.material = material;
    }

    public double getFirePoint() {
        return firePoint;
    }

    public void setFirePoint(double firePoint) {
        this.firePoint = firePoint;
    }

    public double getDiameter() {
        return diameter;
    }

    public void setDiameter(double diameter) {
        this.diameter = diameter;
    }

    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public double getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(double weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }
}

ControlSystem

package designPattern.test.builder.vo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 控制系统：Rocket的组成部件
 */
public class ControlSystem implements Serializable {

    //稳定性
    private double stability;

    //快速性
    private double speedability;

    //正确性
    private double validity;

    public double getStability() {
        return stability;
    }

    public void setStability(double stability) {
        this.stability = stability;
    }

    public double getSpeedability() {
        return speedability;
    }

    public void setSpeedability(double speedability) {
        this.speedability = speedability;
    }

    public double getValidity() {
        return validity;
    }

    public void setValidity(double validity) {
        this.validity = validity;
    }
}

具体的产品——SpaceXFalconHeavy

package designPattern.test.builder.vo;

/**
 * 具体的产品：重型猎鹰
 */
public class SpaceXFalconHeavy extends Rocket {

    @Override
    public void launch() {
        System.out.println("SpaceX重性猎鹰发射....");
    }

}

具体的产品——ChangZheng5

package designPattern.test.builder.vo;

/**
 * 具体的产品：长征5号
 */
public class ChangZheng5 extends Rocket {

    @Override
    public void launch() {
       System.out.println("5 4 3 2 1 长征5号发射成功！鼓掌....");
    }

}

2-2Builder接口

package designPattern.test.builder.interf;

import designPattern.test.builder.vo.*;

/**
 * Builder接口
 */
public interface RocketBuilder {

    Assistor[] buildAssistors();

    Engine buildEngine();

    Fairing buildFairing();

    ControlSystem buildControlSystem();

    Rocket getRocket();

}

RocketBuilder接口定义了Rocket复杂对象各个部件的构造过程，最后通过getRocket()方法获取构造的复杂对象。

2-3具体对象的Builder类

SpaceXFalconHeavyBuilder

package designPattern.test.builder.interf.impl;

import designPattern.test.builder.interf.RocketBuilder;
import designPattern.test.builder.vo.*;

/**
 * RocketBuilder具体的实现类
 */
public class SpaceXFalconHeavyBuilder implements RocketBuilder {

    //构建助推器
    @Override
    public Assistor[] buildAssistors() {
        Assistor[] assistors = new Assistor[2];
        Assistor assistor = new Assistor();
        assistor.setDiameter(3.6);
        assistor.setHeight(36.0);
        assistor.setForce(15600.0);
        assistors[0] = assistor;
        assistors[1] = assistor;
        return assistors;
    }

    //构建发动机
    @Override
    public Engine buildEngine() {
        Engine engine = new Engine();
        engine.setLength(5.6);
        engine.setHeight(3.2);
        engine.setWidth(4.2);
        engine.setMaterial("合金");
        engine.setWeight(13.8);
        engine.setPower(168000.0);
        return engine;
    }

    //构建整流罩
    @Override
    public Fairing buildFairing() {
        Fairing fairing = new Fairing();
        fairing.setDiameter(5.6);
        fairing.setFirePoint(2000.0);
        fairing.setWeight(12.8);
        fairing.setColor("white");
        fairing.setMaterial("高强度碳纤维");
        return fairing;
    }

    //构建控制系统
    @Override
    public ControlSystem buildControlSystem() {
        ControlSystem controlSystem = new ControlSystem();
        controlSystem.setStability(0.98);
        controlSystem.setSpeedability(0.002);
        controlSystem.setValidity(0.999);
        return controlSystem;
    }

    //获取产品
    @Override
    public Rocket getRocket() {
        Rocket rocket = new SpaceXFalconHeavy();
        rocket.setAssistors(buildAssistors());
        rocket.setEngine(buildEngine());
        rocket.setFairing(buildFairing());
        rocket.setControlSystem(buildControlSystem());
        return rocket;
    }

}

ChangZheng5Builder

package designPattern.test.builder.interf.impl;

import designPattern.test.builder.interf.RocketBuilder;
import designPattern.test.builder.vo.*;

/**
 * 长征5号：中国长征家族重型火箭
 */
public class ChangZheng5Builder implements RocketBuilder {

    //构建助推器
    @Override
    public Assistor[] buildAssistors() {
        Assistor[] assistors = new Assistor[4];
        Assistor assistor = new Assistor();
        assistor.setDiameter(2.8);
        assistor.setHeight(26.8);
        assistor.setForce(12800.0);
        assistors[0] = assistor;
        assistors[1] = assistor;
        assistors[2] = assistor;
        assistors[3] = assistor;
        return assistors;
    }

    //构建发动机
    @Override
    public Engine buildEngine() {
        Engine engine = new Engine();
        engine.setMaterial("耐高温合金");
        engine.setWeight(10.8);
        engine.setPower(108000.0);
        engine.setLength(4.6);
        engine.setHeight(2.8);
        engine.setWidth(2.8);
        return engine;
    }

    //构建整流罩
    @Override
    public Fairing buildFairing() {
        Fairing fairing = new Fairing();
        fairing.setDiameter(4.9);
        fairing.setFirePoint(1500.0);
        fairing.setWeight(10.8);
        fairing.setColor("white");
        fairing.setMaterial("高温陶瓷");
        return fairing;
    }

    //构建控制系统
    @Override
    public ControlSystem buildControlSystem() {
        ControlSystem controlSystem = new ControlSystem();
        controlSystem.setStability(0.95);
        controlSystem.setSpeedability(0.005);
        controlSystem.setValidity(0.99);
        return controlSystem;
    }

    //获取产品
    @Override
    public Rocket getRocket() {
        Rocket rocket = new ChangZheng5();
        rocket.setAssistors(buildAssistors());
        rocket.setEngine(buildEngine());
        rocket.setFairing(buildFairing());
        rocket.setControlSystem(buildControlSystem());
        return rocket;
    }

}

3-  测试代码

package designPattern.test.builder;

import designPattern.test.builder.interf.RocketBuilder;
import designPattern.test.builder.interf.impl.ChangZheng5Builder;
import designPattern.test.builder.interf.impl.SpaceXFalconHeavyBuilder;
import designPattern.test.builder.vo.Rocket;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Builder模式测试
 */
public class BuilderTest {

    @Test
    public void testBuilder(){
        RocketBuilder builder = new SpaceXFalconHeavyBuilder();
        Rocket rocket = builder.getRocket();
        rocket.launch();
        RocketBuilder builder1 = new ChangZheng5Builder();
        Rocket rocket1 = builder1.getRocket();
        rocket1.launch();
    }

}

综上：从测试代码可以看出，Builder模式将复杂对象的构造和表示相分离了，假设没有采用Builder模式，那么SpaceXFalconHeavy和ChangZheng5的构建过程将是非常繁杂的一堆new对象并set的过程，不美观且容易出错！Builder模式可以很好的解决这个问题！