ubuntu20.04 离线安装PHP7.4

PHP源码安装咱们直接看官网的文档即可，以下引用自PHP官网内容，做个记录

Compiling PHP on Ubuntu boxes.

If you would like to compile PHP from source as opposed to relying on
package maintainers, here’s a list of packages, and commands you can
run

STEP 1:

sudo apt-get install autoconf build-essential curl libtool \  
libssl-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libxml2-dev libreadline7 \  
libreadline-dev libzip-dev libzip4 nginx openssl \   
pkg-config zlib1g-dev

So you don’t overwrite any existing PHP installs on your system,
install PHP in your home directory. Create a directory for the PHP
binaries to live

mkdir -p ~/bin/php7-latest/

STEP 2:

download the latest PHP tarball, decompress it, then cd to the new directory.

STEP 3: Configure PHP. Remove any options you don’t need (like MySQL or Postgres (–with-pdo-pgsql))

./configure --prefix=$HOME/bin/php-latest \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-pgsql=/usr/bin/pg_config \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=www-data \
--with-fpm-group=www-data \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-phpdbg \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-sysvmsg \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-sysvshm \
--enable-zip \
--with-libzip=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-pear \
--with-openssl \
--enable-pcntl \
--with-readline

STEP 4:

compile the binaries by typing: make 
If no errors, install by typing: make install

STEP 5: Copy the PHP.ini file to the install directory

cp php.ini-development ~/bin/php-latest/lib/ 

STEP 6:

cd ~/bin/php-latest/etc; 
mv php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
mv php-fpm.d/www.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf

STEP 7: create symbolic links for your for your binary files

cd ~/bin
ln -s php-latest/bin/php php
ln -s php-latest/bin/php-cgi php-cgi
ln -s php-latest/bin/php-config php-config
ln -s php-latest/bin/phpize phpize
ln -s php-latest/bin/phar.phar phar
ln -s php-latest/bin/pear pear
ln -s php-latest/bin/phpdbg phpdbg
ln -s php-latest/sbin/php-fpm php-fpm

STEP 8: link your local PHP to the php command. You will need to logout then log back in for php to switch to the local version instead of the installed version

#add this to .bashrc

if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then 
  PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

STEP 9: Start PHP-FPM

sudo ~/bin/php7/sbin/php-fpm

第一步中的这些软件，咱们没有外网哈，只能通过编译或者二进制包来安装了

1. 首先安装m4依赖包，:从https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/ 这里选择自己需要的包进行下载，

tar -zxzf m4-1.4.19.tar.gz
cd am4-1.4.19 
./configure && make && sudo make install   

2. 安装autoconf

#autoconf 下载地址 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.71.tar.gz   
tar -xzf autoconf-2.71.tar.gz 
cd autoconf-2.71 
./configure && make && sudo make install   

3. 安装build-essential，此依赖包已经在前边步骤安装了，此处不做阐述
4. 安装curl，这个依赖自带的，不需要安装

root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/nginx# curl --version
curl 7.68.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.68.0 OpenSSL/1.1.1f zlib/1.3 brotli/1.0.7 libidn2/2.2.0 libpsl/0.21.0 (+libidn2/2.2.0) libssh/0.9.3/openssl/zlib nghttp2/1.40.0 librtmp/2.3
Release-Date: 2020-01-08
Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtmp rtsp scp sftp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp 
Features: AsynchDNS brotli GSS-API HTTP2 HTTPS-proxy IDN IPv6 Kerberos Largefile libz NTLM NTLM_WB PSL SPNEGO SSL TLS-SRP UnixSockets`

5. 安装libtool 依赖包，需要先安装autotools-dev依赖包
   autotools-dev下载地址： https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/pool/main/a/autotools-dev/autotools-dev_20220109.1_all.deb
   libtool下载地址：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/pool/main/libt/libtool/libtool-bin_2.4.7-7_amd64.deb

root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php# dpkg -i autotools-dev_20220109.1_all.deb 
Selecting previously unselected package autotools-dev.
(Reading database ... 77882 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack autotools-dev_20220109.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking autotools-dev (20220109.1) ...
Setting up autotools-dev (20220109.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...

root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php# dpkg -i libtool_2.4.7-7_all.deb 
(Reading database ... 77898 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libtool_2.4.7-7_all.deb ...
Unpacking libtool (2.4.7-7) over (2.4.7-7) ...
Setting up libtool (2.4.7-7) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...

6. 安装libssl-dev依赖包
   1. libssl3下载地址：https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/o/openssl/libssl3_3.0.8-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
   2. libssl-dev下载地址：https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/o/openssl/libssl-dev_3.0.8-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
   3. libxml2-dev下载： https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2-dev_2.9.10+dfsg-5ubuntu0.20.04.6_amd64.deb
   4. libcurl4-openssl-dev下载地址：https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/c/curl/libcurl4-openssl-dev_7.68.0-1ubuntu2.20_i386.deb
   5. libonig-dev下载地址：https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libo/libonig/libonig-dev_6.9.4-1_amd64.deb
   6. libonig5下载地址：https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libo/libonig/libonig5_6.9.4-1_amd64.deb
   7. libncurses-dev下载地址:https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/ncurses/libncurses-dev_6.2-0ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb
   8. icu-devtools下载地址：https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/icu-devtools_66.1-2ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb
   9. libicu-dev下载地址：https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu-dev_66.1-2ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb

。。。。。。。包太多了。。。。记乱了。。。。。

后边我把所有包都上传一下吧，就不用一个个下载了，我用的是清华源资源下载的，放心使用！

依赖都装完了就开始编译了，我用的php官网的例子编译的，去掉了几项

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php/74 \
--enable-mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd  \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=www-data \
--with-fpm-group=www-data \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-phpdbg \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-sysvmsg \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-sysvshm \
--enable-zip \         #这个扩展或报错，可能开启扩展的方式变了把，去掉了应该也没有问题，后边再添加扩展
--with-libzip=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu \ #这个扩展或报错，可能开启扩展的方式变了把，去掉了应该也没有问题，后边再添加扩展
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-pear \
--with-openssl \
--enable-pcntl \
--with-readline 


make && make install
#编译出错的话建议清除编译文件再重新编译,编译没有问题的可不要执行下边的命令
make clean

编译成功

验证结果：

root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33# /usr/local/php/74/bin/php -v
PHP 7.4.33 (cli) (built: Oct 26 2023 07:54:56) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33# /usr/local/php/74/bin/php -m
[PHP Modules]
bcmath
Core
ctype
curl
date
dom
fileinfo
filter
hash
iconv
json
libxml
mbstring
mysqlnd
openssl
pcntl
pcre
PDO
pdo_mysql
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
readline
Reflection
session
shmop
SimpleXML
sockets
SPL
sqlite3
standard
sysvmsg
sysvsem
sysvshm
tokenizer
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter
zlib

[Zend Modules]

接下来编辑配置文件

root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/74/etc/php.ini
root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33# cd /usr/local/php/74/etc/php-fpm.d/
root@lnmp:/usr/local/php/74/etc/php-fpm.d# ls
www.conf.default
root@lnmp:/usr/local/php/74/etc/php-fpm.d# cp www.conf.default www.conf
root@lnmp:/usr/local/php/74/etc/php-fpm.d# vim www.conf  
# 这个文件中主要修改用户和组， 和Nginx保持一致即可
 user = www-data     #指定用户为 www-data
 group =  www-data
 
root@lnmp:/usr/local/php/74/etc/php-fpm.d# cd ..
root@lnmp:/usr/local/php/74/etc# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d  php.ini
root@lnmp:/usr/local/php/74/etc# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

官网中启动文件操作起来感觉不太方便，咱们改成自己习惯的方式疾苦，就是加个环境变量

#设置开机启动
root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33/sapi/fpm# cp -f /home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33/sapi/fpm# systemctl enable php-fpm    
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33/sapi/fpm# systemctl start php-fpm
root@lnmp:/home/lnmp/php/php-7.4.33/sapi/fpm# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2023-10-26 09:02:56 UTC; 10s ago
    Process: 192293 ExecStart=/usr/local/php/74/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/74/>
   Main PID: 192293 (code=exited, status=78)

Oct 26 09:02:56 lnmp systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
Oct 26 09:02:56 lnmp php-fpm[192293]: [26-Oct-2023 09:02:56] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/p>
Oct 26 09:02:56 lnmp php-fpm[192293]: [26-Oct-2023 09:02:56] ERROR: failed to post process the configurati>
Oct 26 09:02:56 lnmp php-fpm[192293]: [26-Oct-2023 09:02:56] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
Oct 26 09:02:56 lnmp systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=78/CONFIG
Oct 26 09:02:56 lnmp systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'

解决启动报错问题
root@lnmp:/usr# vim /lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service 
把
ProtectSystem=full
改成
ProtectSystem=false

然后重新加载服务

systemctl daemon-reload

原因：当这个值为true的时候，php-fpm进程将以只读的方式挂载 /usr 目录，这就是问题所在。

到这里基本就没问题了，剩下的就是配置自己的网站了

Ubuntu软件包下载地址：https://packages.ubuntu.com/

清华源：https://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool

从上边的ubuntu软件包下载地址中搜索依赖包，然后到清华源中对应的目录下载对应的依赖包