Servlet入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-18 17:52:45 发布

weixin_38892128

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-18 17:52:45 发布

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分类专栏： Java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38892128/article/details/113487311

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什么是servlet

是一个java小程序，在服务器上运行，

实现servlet

编写一个类去实现servlet接口

public class HelloServlet implements Servlet{}

实现service方法，处理请求，并响应数据

 //service方法专门用来处理请求和响应的
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("hello servlet again 5555");
    }

到web.xml去配置servlet访问地址

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.jd.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

用tomcat运行web工程，即可访问地址http://localhost:8080/06_servlet/hello

Servlet生命周期

构造器
init初始化
执行service
执行销毁destroy方法

package com.jd.servlet;


import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {

    public HelloServlet(){
        System.out.println("1 构造器");
    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("2 初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    //service方法专门用来处理请求和响应的
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("3 访问service方法");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("4 销毁方法destroy");
    }
}

get 和 post 处理

    // get
    public void doGET(){
        System.out.println("GET request");
        System.out.println("GET request");
        System.out.println("GET request");

    }

    public void doPOST(){
        System.out.println("POST request");
        System.out.println("POST request");
        System.out.println("POST request");

    }

继承HttpServlet来实现Servlet程序

package com.example.Demo1;

import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;

@WebServlet(name = "helloServlet", value = "/hello-servlet")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private String message;

    public void init() {
        message = "Hello World!";
    }

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html");

        // Hello
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("<html><body>");
        out.println("<h1>" + message + "</h1>");
        out.println("</body></html>");
    }

    public void destroy() {
    }
}

HttpServletRequest类

作用：tomcat把请求封装到Request对象中，传递到service方法（doGet，doPost）中使用，所以可以通过HttpServletRequest来获取请求信息

常用方法：

        req.getRequestURI();
        req.getRequestURL();
        req.getRemoteAddr();
        req.getHeader();
        req.getMethod();
        req.getAttribute();
        req.setAttribute();
        req.getRequestDispatcher(); //获取请求转发对象

获取参数
        req.getParameter("name");
        req.getParameterValues("students"); 多个值，比如列表

doPost方法要设置编码，否则中文乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

HttpServletReponse

//浏览器中文乱码设置UTF-8
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
或者
resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");

响应字节
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
writer.write("你好");