docker常用命令

常用命令

##常用运维命令

启动容器
重启容器
停止容器
删除容器
进入容器
查看容器日志
查看容器详情 inspect
更新容器形成新的镜像 commit
容器的列表

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

运行容器

docker run -p 3014:3014 --name realtime --restart=always -tdi -v /data/luck/realtime:/data/realtime -w /data/realtime luck/realtime bash

以特权模式运行容器，如mysql：

docker run -p 8306:3306 --name web -tdi --privileged -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql omai/web:0.0.1 init

注：-d表示后台运行容器

查看镜像

docker image ls

- 查看latest镜像的具体版本
docker image inspect mysql:latest | grep -i version

查看容器

查看正在运行的容器

docker container ls

查看全部容器

docker container ls --all

文件拷贝

docker cp /本地路径/文件名 容器ID或容器名称:/容器内路径/目标文件名

提交

docker commit <container id/name> <image>

- 如:
docker commit web omai/web:0.0.1

控制正在运行的容器

docker exec -it <container id/name> bash

查询容器详情

docker inspect <container id/name>

查看容器日志

命令格式:

docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
  Options:
        --details        显示更多的信息
    -f, --follow         跟踪实时日志
        --since string   显示自某个timestamp之后的日志，或相对时间，如42m（即42分钟）
        --tail string    从日志末尾显示多少行日志， 默认是all
    -t, --timestamps     显示时间戳
        --until string   显示自某个timestamp之前的日志，或相对时间，如42m（即42分钟）

例如:

// 查看全部日志
docker logs <container id/name>

//跟踪实时日志
docker logs -f <container id/name>

//查看指定时间后的日志，并且只显示最后100行

$ docker logs -f -t --since="2018-09-02" --tail=100 <container id/name>

//查看最近30分钟的日志
docker logs --since 30m <container id/name>

//查看某时间段的日志
$ docker logs -t --since="2018-02-08T13:23:37" --until "2018-02-09T13:23:37" <container id/name>

容器自启动

docker run --restart=always -ti <image> bash

比如:

docker run --restart=always -ti luck/realtime bash

停止容器

docker stop <container id/name>

删除容器

docker rm <container id/name>

停止并删除

docker rm -f <container id/name>

删除镜像

docker rmi [image]
或者：
docker image rm [image]

Docker 一段时间后，系统一般都会残存一些临时的、没有被使用的镜像文件，可以通过以下命令进行清理：
docker image prune
它支持的子命令有：
-a, --all: 删除所有没有用的镜像，而不仅仅是临时文件；
-f, --force：强制删除镜像文件，无需弹出提示确认；

批量删除

容器

docker container rm $(docker container ls -a -q)

镜像

docker image rm $(docker image ls -a -q)

导入、导出

导出

docker save <image> > <file>

- 比如:
docker save luck/realtime > realtime.tar

导入

docker load < <file>

- 比如:
docker load < realtime.tar

深度清理

docker system prune -a
- 该命令可以用于清理磁盘，删除关闭的容器、无用的数据卷和网络，以及dangling镜像（无tag的镜像）

打标签

docker tag <image> <tag>

- 比如:
docker tag lucksoft/realtime lucksoft/realtime:latest

发布

发布到DockerHub

docker push <image>

- 比如:
docker push lucksoft/realtime:latest

Dockerfile创建镜像

docker build -t lucksoft/microserver:2.0.0

制定特定文件

docker build -f Dockerfile-2.0.0 -t lucksoft/microserver:2.0.0

注：lucksoft为公司的DockerHub存储库 https://hub.docker.com/u/lucksoft

性能监控

查看容器CPU、内存消耗情况：

docker stats --format "table {{.Name}}\t{{.Container}}\t{{.CPUPerc}}\t{{.MemUsage}}"