python 主要有以下三种方式: = copy.deepcopy() copy.copy()
浅拷贝主要就是对其引用的拷贝,指向的都是同一对象。下面的例子是浅拷贝
>>> a = [1,3,5]
>>> b = a
>>> id(b)
36159240
>>> id(a)
36159240
>>> a.append(6)
>>> a
[1, 3, 5, 6]
>>> b
[1, 3, 5, 6]
>>>
通过例子可以看出,a,b都指向3615924。因此a改变后,b也会随着改变。
下面是deepcopy和copy演示例子
>>> import copy
>>> a = [1,3,5]
>>> b = copy.deepcopy(a)
>>> id(a)
36002432
>>> id(b)
36031704
>>> a.append(6)
>>> a
[1, 3, 5, 6]
>>> b
[1, 3, 5]
>>> c = [a,b]
>>> c
[[1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5]]
>>> d = copy.deepcopy(c)
>>> d
[[1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5]]
>>> id(c)
36029024
>>> id(d)
36039896
>>> e = copy.copy(c)
>>> id(e)
38557576
>>> b.append(7)
>>> c
[[1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5, 7]]
>>> d
[[1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5]]
>>> e
[[1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5, 7]]
>>> f=a[:]
>>> id(f)
36036856
通过例子可以看出:深拷贝是直接拷贝出了另一个对象。因为他们指向的地址不同。从c和d可以看出,深拷贝连同子对象一起拷贝。是一种递归拷贝。另外还有介于两者之间的拷贝copy.copy()。它只拷贝父对象,不做递归拷贝。另外经过测试
>>> import copy
>>> a=[1,3,5]
>>> b=[4,6,7]
>>> c = [a,b]
>>> c
[[1, 3, 5], [4, 6, 7]]
>>> d.copy(c)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#5>", line 1, in <module>
d.copy(c)
NameError: name 'd' is not defined
>>> d=copy.copy(c)
>>> e = c[:]
>>> d
[[1, 3, 5], [4, 6, 7]]
>>> e
[[1, 3, 5], [4, 6, 7]]
>>> a.append(100)
>>> d
[[1, 3, 5, 100], [4, 6, 7]]
>>> e
[[1, 3, 5, 100], [4, 6, 7]]
>>>
可以看到e=c[:] 和e=copy.copy(c)是等价的。
总结:
(1) 浅拷贝:=
(2)递归 深拷贝:copy.deepcopy()
(3)不递归深拷贝:copy.copy(),[:]