Numpy 入门笔记

笔记参照课程唐宇迪python数据分析与机器学习实战
笔记方便自己今后回顾和查看，需要详细了解各自numpy操作，建议学习上述课程
代码https://github.com/Jingyaozhou/numpy_introduction.git

基础操作

matrix 和 vector 定义

import numpy as np
#define vector
vertor=np.array([5,10,15,20])
print vertor
#define the matrix
matrix=np.array([[5,10,15],[20,25,30]])
#output the shape
print matrix.shape
#output the type of data
print matrix.dtype

output

[ 5 10 15 20]
(2, 3)
int64

np.array() 定义vector 或者 matrix
a.shape a的尺寸，若matrix为 行数和列数
a.dtype a内数据类型

数据结构

数据类型

numpy中一个array内所有的数据类型都应该相同

切片

切片方式类似与matlab，注意python中0:3取值为0,1,2与matlab有所区别

print matrix[:,[0,2]]
print matrix[:,0:2]

output

[[ 5 15]
 [20 30]]
[[ 5 10]
 [20 25]]

默认bsxfun

python中默认的操作为matlab中的bsxfun

vertor==10 #using this bool value as index

output

array([False,  True, False, False], dtype=bool)

matrix==25 #using this bool value as index

output

array([[False, False, False],
       [False,  True, False]], dtype=bool)

bool值可以直接作为index

Numpy矩阵基础

逻辑运算

print (vertor==10)&(vertor==5)
print (vertor==10) | (vertor==5)

output

[False False False False]
[ True  True False False]

类型转换

vector1=np.array(['1','2','3'])
print vector1.dtype
print vector1
vector1=vector1.astype(float)
print vector1
print vector1.dtype

output

|S1
['1' '2' '3']
[ 1.  2.  3.]
float64

求极值

vertor.min()

output

5

求和

print matrix.sum(axis=1)
print matrix.sum(axis=0)

output

[30 75]
[25 35 45]

Numpy 常用函数

matrix vector 规格重塑 reshape()

print np.arange(15)
a=np.arange(15).reshape(3,5)
print a

output

[ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14]
[[ 0  1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8  9]
 [10 11 12 13 14]]

维度 ndim()

a.ndim #dimension 

output

2

元素个数size()

a.size

output

15

元素类型返回str dtype.name

a.dtype.name

output

'int64'

初始化zeros() ones() random. arrange() linspace()

np.zeros((3,4))

output

array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.]])

np.ones((2,3,4),dtype=np.int32)

output

array([[[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]],

       [[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]]], dtype=int32)

np.arange(10,30,5)

output

array([10, 15, 20, 25])

np.random.random((2,3))

output

array([[ 0.60180048,  0.17302083,  0.43838994],
       [ 0.43108949,  0.0730318 ,  0.58841759]])

np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)

output

array([ 0.        ,  0.06346652,  0.12693304,  0.19039955,  0.25386607,
        0.31733259,  0.38079911,  0.44426563,  0.50773215,  0.57119866,
        0.63466518,  0.6981317 ,  0.76159822,  0.82506474,  0.88853126,
        0.95199777,  1.01546429,  1.07893081,  1.14239733,  1.20586385,
        1.26933037,  1.33279688,  1.3962634 ,  1.45972992,  1.52319644,
        1.58666296,  1.65012947,  1.71359599,  1.77706251,  1.84052903,
        1.90399555,  1.96746207,  2.03092858,  2.0943951 ,  2.15786162,
        2.22132814,  2.28479466,  2.34826118,  2.41172769,  2.47519421,
        2.53866073,  2.60212725,  2.66559377,  2.72906028,  2.7925268 ,
        2.85599332,  2.91945984,  2.98292636,  3.04639288,  3.10985939,
        3.17332591,  3.23679243,  3.30025895,  3.36372547,  3.42719199,
        3.4906585 ,  3.55412502,  3.61759154,  3.68105806,  3.74452458,
        3.8079911 ,  3.87145761,  3.93492413,  3.99839065,  4.06185717,
        4.12532369,  4.1887902 ,  4.25225672,  4.31572324,  4.37918976,
        4.44265628,  4.5061228 ,  4.56958931,  4.63305583,  4.69652235,
        4.75998887,  4.82345539,  4.88692191,  4.95038842,  5.01385494,
        5.07732146,  5.14078798,  5.2042545 ,  5.26772102,  5.33118753,
        5.39465405,  5.45812057,  5.52158709,  5.58505361,  5.64852012,
        5.71198664,  5.77545316,  5.83891968,  5.9023862 ,  5.96585272,
        6.02931923,  6.09278575,  6.15625227,  6.21971879,  6.28318531])

数学操作

A=np.array([[1,1],
          [1,0]])
B=np.array([[2,3],
           [3,2]])
print A*B
print np.dot(A,B)

output

[[2 3]
 [3 0]]
[[5 5]
 [2 3]]

print np.exp(B)
print np.sqrt(B)

output

[[  7.3890561   20.08553692]
 [ 20.08553692   7.3890561 ]]
[[ 1.41421356  1.73205081]
 [ 1.73205081  1.41421356]]

floor 向下取整

a=np.floor(10*np.random.random((3,4)))
print a

output

[[ 1.  2.  9.  7.]
 [ 3.  7.  6.  9.]
 [ 7.  2.  6.  8.]]

矩阵操作

矩阵拼接 分割

a=np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,2)))
b=np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,2)))
print a
print b
print np.hstack((a,b))
print np.vstack((a,b))

output

[[ 4.  4.]
 [ 3.  1.]]
[[ 6.  4.]
 [ 5.  8.]]
[[ 4.  4.  6.  4.]
 [ 3.  1.  5.  8.]]
[[ 4.  4.]
 [ 3.  1.]
 [ 6.  4.]
 [ 5.  8.]]

a=np.floor(10*np.random.random([2,12]))
print a
print np.hsplit(a,3)
print np.hsplit(a,(3,5))

output

[[ 8.  0.  1.  6.  4.  4.  8.  7.  5.  2.  8.  5.]
 [ 7.  8.  3.  7.  8.  3.  2.  9.  2.  5.  2.  0.]]
[array([[ 8.,  0.,  1.,  6.],
       [ 7.,  8.,  3.,  7.]]), array([[ 4.,  4.,  8.,  7.],
       [ 8.,  3.,  2.,  9.]]), array([[ 5.,  2.,  8.,  5.],
       [ 2.,  5.,  2.,  0.]])]
[array([[ 8.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 7.,  8.,  3.]]), array([[ 6.,  4.],
       [ 7.,  8.]]), array([[ 4.,  8.,  7.,  5.,  2.,  8.,  5.],
       [ 3.,  2.,  9.,  2.,  5.,  2.,  0.]])]

其他

python 赋值！！！非常重要 = view() copy()

a=np.arange(12)
b=a
print (b is a)
b.shape=3,4
print a.shape
print(id(a))
print (id(b))

out

True
(3, 4)
140565407561648
140565407561648

c=a.view()
print (c is a)
c.shape=2,6
print a.shape
c[0,4]=1234
print a
print(id(c))

out

False
(3, 4)
[[   0    1    2    3]
 [1234    5    6    7]
 [   8    9   10   11]]
140565407562448

d=a.copy()
d is a
d[0,0]=999
print d
print a

output

[[ 999    1    2    3]
 [1234    5    6    7]
 [   8    9   10   11]]
[[   0    1    2    3]
 [1234    5    6    7]
 [   8    9   10   11]]

查找index

data=np.sin(np.arange(20).reshape(5,-1))
print (data)
ind=data.argmax(axis=0)
print ind
data_max=data[ind,range(data.shape[1])]
print data_max

output

[[ 0.          0.84147098  0.90929743  0.14112001]
 [-0.7568025  -0.95892427 -0.2794155   0.6569866 ]
 [ 0.98935825  0.41211849 -0.54402111 -0.99999021]
 [-0.53657292  0.42016704  0.99060736  0.65028784]
 [-0.28790332 -0.96139749 -0.75098725  0.14987721]]
[2 0 3 1]
[ 0.98935825  0.84147098  0.99060736  0.6569866 ]

复制

a=np.arange(0,40,10)
print a
b=np.tile(a,(2,2))
print b

output

[ 0 10 20 30]
[[ 0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30]
 [ 0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30]]

排序

a=np.array([4,3,1,2])
j=np.argsort(a)
print a[j]

output

[1 2 3 4]