django-settings

• 项目其他处引入settings.py中变量：django.conf.settings.{param_name}，django.conf.settings是一个对象

• 多数据库管理

  • settings.py中：

    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'admin',
            "PASSWORD": "admin",
            "USER": "admin",
            "HOST": "127.0.0.1",
            "PORT": 3306,
        },
        'stock': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'stock',
            "PASSWORD": "admin",
            "USER": "admin",
            "HOST": "127.0.0.1",
            "PORT": 3306,
        }
    }
    

  • 访问多数据库（二选一，也可混着用）：

    • 使用router指定访问某个app指向某个标签下的数据库，settings中参数为DATABASE_ROUTERS=[‘stocktradeweb.routers.SessionRouter’] （stocktradeweb为根目录），类SessionRouter主要重写db_for_read，db_for_write，allow_relation(跨表外键关联需要)，allow_migrate

      class SessionRouter:
          """
          A router to control all database operations on models in the
          sessions application.
          """
          def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
              if model._meta.app_label == 'sessions':
                  return 'sessions'
              return None
      
          def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
              if model._meta.app_label == 'sessions':
                  return 'sessions'
              return None
      
          def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints):
              """
              Allow relations if a model in the auth app is involved.
              """
              if obj1._meta.app_label == 'sessions' or obj2._meta.app_label == 'sessions':
                  return True
              return None
      
          def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model_name=None, **hints):
              if app_label == 'sessions':
                  return db == 'sessions'
              return None
      

    • model对象在filter的时候，使用using函数，using(‘tab’)会指向对应标签的数据库，save的时候使用参数，save(using=‘tab’)，且在admin页面重写方法，主要有save_model、delete_model、get_queryset、formfield_for_foreignkey、formfield_for_manytomany方法，都要加上using字段

      class ModelAdminUsing(admin.ModelAdmin):
          list_per_page = 10
      
          # A handy constant for the name of the alternate database.
          using = 'default'
      
          def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
              # Tell Django to save objects to the 'other' database.
              obj.save(using=self.using)
      
          def delete_model(self, request, obj):
              # Tell Django to delete objects from the 'other' database
              obj.delete(using=self.using)
      
          def get_queryset(self, request):
              # Tell Django to look for objects on the 'other' database.
              return super(ModelAdminUsing, self).get_queryset(request).using(self.using)
      
          def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
              # Tell Django to populate ForeignKey widgets using a query
              # on the 'other' database.
              return super(ModelAdminUsing, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, using=self.using, **kwargs)
      
          def formfield_for_manytomany(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
              # Tell Django to populate ManyToMany widgets using a query
              # on the 'other' database.
              return super(ModelAdminUsing, self).formfield_for_manytomany(db_field, request, using=self.using, **kwargs)
      

• 访问模板文件

  • settings.py中

    TEMPLATES = [
        {
            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
            'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates")],  # 指定公共文件的路径
            'APP_DIRS': True,
            'OPTIONS': {
                'context_processors': [
                    'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                    'django.template.context_processors.request',
                    'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                    'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                ],
            },
        },
    ]
    # 在单个app中访问指定模板文件时候，可以直接写文件名，django服务器会在该views文件所在层的templates中寻找
    

• 访问静态文件，将静态文件收集到项目下公共目录

  • settings.py中

    STATIC_URL = '/static/' # 访问路径
    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')  # 部署静态文件时聚合的目录，需要绝对路径
    # STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    #     os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
    # )
    # STATICFILES_DIRS在debug==Ture的时候发挥作用，指定除了各个app外的公共静态目录
    

  • urls.py中

    kwargs = dict(
        document_root=django.conf.settings.STATIC_ROOT
    )
    prefix = django.conf.settings.STATIC_URL
    urlpatterns += [
        django.urls.re_path(r'^%s(?P<path>.*)$' % re.escape(prefix.lstrip('/')), django.views.static.serve, kwargs=kwargs),
    ]
    

• 访问文件，类似访问静态资源

  • settings.py中

    MEDIA_URL = '/uploads/'
    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'uploads')
    

  • urls.py中，也可另外写做上传和下载文件功能的url

    urlpatterns += [
        django.urls.re_path(r'^uploads/(?P<path>.*)$', django.views.static.serve, {'document_root': django.conf.settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
    ]
    

• 使用中文，日期格式化

  • settings.py中

    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    # 日期格式化，注意分钟和秒的字符
    DATETIME_FORMAT = 'm-d H:i:s'
    DATE_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d'
    

• 设置admin网站名和导航名

  • settings.py中

    MY_SITE_HEADER = '量化交易平台'  # admin页面导航页上显示的字符串
    MY_SITE_TITLE = '股票-量化'  # 网站名，浏览器打开链接显示的字符串
    

  • urls.py中

    django.contrib.admin.site.site_header = django.conf.settings.MY_SITE_HEADER
    django.contrib.admin.site.site_title = django.conf.settings.MY_SITE_TITLE