【Cheatsheet】Java的常用代码（以及eclipse技巧）

1. 前言

创作开始时间：2021年11月8日21:48:25

写java很久了，感觉经常会反复用到一些代码，有时候记不住，所以在这里写一个cheatsheet，记录一些常用的操作。

泛型 generic type

Map的key是不能用泛型的，value可以！

• Java Generic Map with Generic Type as key/ values https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30895435/java-generic-map-with-generic-type-as-key-values
• Java generics: Declare map value of generic type https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11012989/java-generics-declare-map-value-of-generic-type/11013073

日志处理

• log4j - PatternLayout https://www.tutorialspoint.com/log4j/log4j_patternlayout.htm
• log4j2: Abbreviate / shorten package names https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38272287/log4j2-abbreviate-shorten-package-names
• RollingFile Appender Log4j2 not printing Line number https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32121664/rollingfile-appender-log4j2-not-printing-line-number

接口和抽象类

interface的成员变量：

• 再学Java 之 interface的成员变量 https://www.cnblogs.com/scutwang/p/4120749.html

此外：

• Java基础之接口与抽象类的区别 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/94770324

类（面向对象）

List getter setter

可以直接赋值。也可以addAll。看具体场景了。

2. 相似度的相关操作

参考：

• Similarity String Comparison in Java https://stackoverflow.com/questions/955110/similarity-string-comparison-in-java
• https://github.com/Simmetrics/simmetrics 这个repo感觉还不错的。

3. 数据结构

3.1. tree的实现！

具体代码在我的mcstudy项目。

• How to implement a tree data-structure in Java? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3522454/how-to-implement-a-tree-data-structure-in-java 这里的参考还可以，进一步给出了下面的参考
• gt4dev/yet-another-tree-structure https://github.com/gt4dev/yet-another-tree-structure/tree/master/java/src/com/tree 这里有具体的tree实现

3.2. 图的实现

具体代码在我的mcstudy项目。

参考：

• Graphs in Java https://www.baeldung.com/java-graphs 主要参考

其他：

• https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/java-graph-tutorial/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/graph-and-its-representations/
• In a tree, can a child has multiple parents? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65504660/in-a-tree-can-a-child-has-multiple-parents

4. org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom 包的操作

4.1. typebinding

参考：

• Convert Eclipse JDT ITypeBinding to a Type https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11091791/convert-eclipse-jdt-itypebinding-to-a-type

5. eclipse神技

5.1. 批量插入getter 和 setter

之前太懒了，没来得及研究，今天才发现可以批量选择性插入getter和setter，很方便。

大概是：在编辑界面，右键source，然后就有generate getter setter的选项了！

• Is there a way to automatically generate getters and setters in Eclipse? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7221691/is-there-a-way-to-automatically-generate-getters-and-setters-in-eclipse

5.2. 安装ast view 插件

很方便，直接参考下面官网，下载jar后放到dropins 文件夹就行，（也可以在eclipse的marketplace下载，但是网速太慢了）。

• org.eclipse.jdt.astview - AST View https://www.eclipse.org/jdt/ui/astview/index.php

5.3. 自动代码补全

之前只有.可以补全，现在设置过后全部都可以补全了，还挺好的。

• Auto code completion on Eclipse https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6202223/auto-code-completion-on-eclipse

5.4. 出现红色感叹号咋办？

Decorates Java projects and working sets that contain build path errors

我的是maven项目，需要：
1）根据problems的提示，解决build path的错误依赖问题。（比如依赖不存在）
2）然后右键pom.xml，update project，就好啦！

• What does the red exclamation point icon in Eclipse mean? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5640823/what-does-the-red-exclamation-point-icon-in-eclipse-mean

6. 运算符

6.1. Java运算符优先级

单目乘除为关系，逻辑三目后赋值。

单目：单目运算符+ –(负数) ++ – 等
乘除：算数单目运算符* / % + -
为：位移单目运算符<< >>
关系：关系单目运算符> < >= <= == !=
逻辑：逻辑单目运算符&& || & | ^
三目：三目单目运算符A > B ? X : Y
后：无意义，仅仅为了凑字数
赋值：赋值=

• java运算符优先级 https://www.cnblogs.com/gavin-yao/p/10595835.html

7. equals 和 hashcode方法

7.1. equals override实例

@Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        // self check 
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }else if (obj == null) { //null check
            return false;
        }else if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) { // type check
            return false;
        }else {
            xxx fsOther = (xxx) obj; // cast
            
            // compare
            return xxx ;
            // return Objects.equals(this.data, fsOther.data);
        }
    }

• How to Implement Java’s equals Method Correctly https://www.sitepoint.com/implement-javas-equals-method-correctly/

7.2. 使用场景

从Jdk源码的注释中可以看出，hashCode() 在散列表中才会发挥作用，当对象无需创建像HashMap、HashSet等集合时，可以不用重写hashCode方法，但是如果有使用到对象的哈希集合等操作时，必须重写hashCode()和equals()。

• Java中equals()和HashCode()的关系 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33619378/article/details/92661494

8. 下载org.eclipse.jdt.core源码

方法一：
访问官网：https://git.eclipse.org/r/plugins/gitiles/jdt/eclipse.jdt.core/+/BETA_JAVA13/org.eclipse.jdt.core下载tar.gz，或者用wget：

wget [https://git.eclipse.org/r/plugins/gitiles/jdt/eclipse.jdt.core/+archive/BETA_JAVA13/org.eclipse.jdt.core.tar.gz](https://git.eclipse.org/r/plugins/gitiles/jdt/eclipse.jdt.core/+archive/BETA_JAVA13/org.eclipse.jdt.core.tar.gz)

方法二：

在网址：https://git.eclipse.org/r/plugins/gitiles/jdt/eclipse.jdt.core/+refs 寻找合适的版本，因为我目前用到的是3.26版本的jar包。所以我想找到对应的源码。

方法三：
刚刚才发现，直接在我本地的maven repository文件夹下面就有源码！

/home/apr/.m2/repository/org/eclipse/jdt/org.eclipse.jdt.core/3.26.0/org.eclipse.jdt.core-3.26.0-sources.jar

直接解压就行了，挺快的。

9. 路径操作

9.1. 转为绝对路径（不带… 的那种）

new File(".").getCanonicalPath()

• Get file full path in java https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2981972/get-file-full-path-in-java/43550717

9.2. 使用泛型

public <T> List<T> magicalListGetter() {
    return new ArrayList<T>();
}

// 我写的函数：
public static <T> void printList(List<T> list) {
        int i = 0;
        for (T t : list) {
            System.out.format("[%s] %s\n", i++, t.toString());
        }

        if (list.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.format("Empty List.\n\n");
        }else {
            System.out.format("\n");
        }
    }

• How to have Java method return generic list of any type? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17840483/how-to-have-java-method-return-generic-list-of-any-type/17840541

10. 列表

10.1. string arrays转list

# 得到的list不可修改，即不可以添加或者删除元素
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList(new String[]{"one", "two", "three"});

# 得到的list可修改，即可以添加或者删除元素
List<String> strings = 
     new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(new String[]{"one", "two", "three"}));

参考：

• Converting String array to java.util.List https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6026813/converting-string-array-to-java-util-list/6026854

10.2. list转string array

// jdk11
String[] array = yourList.toArray(String[]::new);

// jdk8
String[] array= yourList.stream().toArray(String[]::new);

参考：

• Convert list to array in Java [duplicate] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9572795/convert-list-to-array-in-java

10.3. 截取top-n个元素

// 方法1
list.subList(100, list.size()).clear();

// 方法2
list = list.subList(0, 100);

• Truncate a list to a given number of elements https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1279476/truncate-a-list-to-a-given-number-of-elements

ArrayList的初始化

return new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(singleElement));

• How to quickly and conveniently create a one element arraylist [duplicate] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20358883/how-to-quickly-and-conveniently-create-a-one-element-arraylist

Array初始化

# 方法1 
Globals.inclusionFilter = { "AbstractXYItemRenderer", "AbstractCategoryItemRenderer" };


# 方法2
Globals.inclusionFilter;
Globals.inclusionFilter = new String[] { "AbstractXYItemRenderer", "AbstractCategoryItemRenderer" };

• Why can array constants only be used in initializers? [duplicate] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10520617/why-can-array-constants-only-be-used-in-initializers

11. 字符串操作

11.1. 正则表达式

11.1.1. 基础语法！（基础）

• 正则表达式 - 语法 https://m.runoob.com/regexp/regexp-syntax.html

11.1.2. 将一个java文件里面的所有word单词替换为ID

A valid identifier must have characters [A-Z] or [a-z] or numbers [0-9], and underscore(_) or a dollar sign ($). for example, @javatpoint is not a valid identifier because it contains a special character which is @.

// A-Za-z0-9_\\$ 包含所有identifier的组成元素。
String fomattedContent = content.replaceAll("[A-Za-z0-9_\\$]+", "ID");

• Identifiers in Java https://www.javatpoint.com/identifiers-in-java
• Replace all words with another string with Java Regular Expressions https://www.tutorialspoint.com/replace-all-words-with-another-string-with-java-regular-expressions
• Java (Regex) - Get all words in a sentence https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14539484/java-regex-get-all-words-in-a-sentence

11.2. split 多个空格

String[] argArray =  arg.split("\\s+");

参考：

• Splitting string on multiple spaces in java [duplicate] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13081527/splitting-string-on-multiple-spaces-in-java

split大写字母（拆分java里面的变量名）

String[] camelCaseWords = s.split("(?=[A-Z])");

• Java: Split string when an uppercase letter is found https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3752636/java-split-string-when-an-uppercase-letter-is-found

11.3. 替换多个空格为一个空格

# 方法1
String after = before.trim().replaceAll(" +", " ");

# 方法2
sValue = sValue.trim().replaceAll("\\s+", " ")

• Java how to replace 2 or more spaces with single space in string and delete leading and trailing spaces https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2932392/java-how-to-replace-2-or-more-spaces-with-single-space-in-string-and-delete-lead
• What does regular expression \s*,\s* do? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13750716/what-does-regular-expression-s-s-do

String.format的转义

% 的转义

如下：

String cmd = String.format("cd %s; git log --pretty=format:\"%H\" > %s", repoDir, commitIdPath);

这样是错的，正确的写法是：

# 必须在%前面加上%，才能转义！
String cmd = String.format("cd %s; git log --pretty=format:\"%%H\" > %s", repoDir, commitIdPath);

• java特殊处理String.format中的%，使用%做一次转义 https://www.cnblogs.com/meitian/p/14327246.html

12. Map

12.1. 初始化

理论上，key可以是任何类型。

从HashMap的语法上来讲，一切对象都可以作为Key值。如：Integer、Long、String、Object等。但是在实际工作中，最常用的使用String作为Key值。

但是推荐：key的类型最好是string类型。

参考：

• HashMap 中 Key 类型的选择 https://www.cnblogs.com/lihao007/p/12444193.html

12.2. 遍历

4种方法：

Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("a", "aa")
map.put("b", "bb")
map.put("b", "cc")

// 1 Entry
for (Map.Entry<String,String> entry : map .entrySet())
     System.out.println("Key = " + entry.getKey() +
                             ", Value = " + entry.getValue());

// 2 keySet()
for (String key: map.keySet())
    System.out.println("key: " + key);
         
for (String value : map.values())
    System.out.println("value: " + value );

// 3 使用iterator
		Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> itr = map.entrySet().iterator();
         
        while(itr.hasNext())
        {
             Map.Entry<String, String> entry = itr.next();
             System.out.println("Key = " + entry.getKey() +
                                 ", Value = " + entry.getValue());
        }

// 4 java8才开始支持foreach
map.forEach((k,v) -> System.out.println("Key = "
                + k + ", Value = " + v));

参考：

• How to iterate any Map in Java https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/iterate-map-java/

13. 其他

13.1. switch语句

• https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/switch.html

13.2. 枚举enum

• Java Enums tutorials.jenkov.com/java/enums.html

set 和 list的相互转换

// list to set
Set<Integer> targetSet = new HashSet<>(sourceList);

// set to list
List<Integer> targetList = new ArrayList<>(sourceSet);

• Converting Between a List and a Set in Java https://www.baeldung.com/convert-list-to-set-and-set-to-list

14. 小结

创作结束时间：

15. 参考文献