条件量与互斥锁的简单使用实例

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>

static pthread_mutex_t m_lock;
static pthread_cond_t m_worker_cond;
static pthread_t pthread_a;
static pthread_t pthread_b;

int i=1;
void *thread1(void *junk)
{
	for(i=1;i<=6;i++)
	{
		pthread_mutex_lock(&m_lock);
		printf("thread1: lock %d\n", __LINE__);
		if(i%3==0){
			printf("thread1:signal 1 %d\n", __LINE__);
			pthread_cond_signal(&m_worker_cond);
			printf("thread1:signal 2 %d\n", __LINE__);
			sleep(1);
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_lock);
		printf("thread1: unlock %d\n", __LINE__);
		sleep(1);
	}
}
void *thread2(void *junk)
{
	while(i<6)
	{
		pthread_mutex_lock(&m_lock);
		printf("thread2: lock %d\n", __LINE__);
		if(i%3!=0){
			printf("thread2: wait 1 %d\n", __LINE__);
			pthread_cond_wait(&m_worker_cond,&m_lock);
			printf("thread2: wait 2 %d\n", __LINE__);
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_lock);
		printf("thread2: unlock %d\n", __LINE__);
		sleep(1);
	}
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
	pthread_cond_init(&m_worker_cond, NULL);
	pthread_mutex_init(&m_lock, NULL);
	
	pthread_create(&pthread_a,NULL,thread1,(void *)NULL);
	pthread_create(&pthread_b,NULL,thread2,(void *)NULL); 

	pthread_join(pthread_a, NULL);
	pthread_join(pthread_b, NULL);

	pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_lock);
	pthread_cond_destroy(&m_worker_cond);
	return 0;
}

编译脚本 Makefile 如下：
make:
gcc -o pthread pthread.c -lpthread

clean:
rm -rf *.o

运行结果：
zhangtiangui@silead-fp:~/my_test_code$ ./pthread
thread1: lock 16
thread1: unlock 24
thread2: lock 33
thread2: wait 1 35
thread1: lock 16
thread1: unlock 24
thread1: lock 16
thread1:signal 1 18
thread1:signal 2 20
thread1: unlock 24
thread2: wait 2 37
thread2: unlock 40
thread1: lock 16
thread1: unlock 24
thread2: lock 33
thread2: wait 1 35
thread1: lock 16
thread1: unlock 24
thread1: lock 16
thread1:signal 1 18
thread1:signal 2 20
thread1: unlock 24
thread2: wait 2 37
thread2: unlock 40

详解：

1. 主函数 main 创建并执行两个线程：
   pthread_create(&pthread_a,NULL,thread1,(void *)NULL);//线程pthread_a
   pthread_create(&pthread_b,NULL,thread2,(void *)NULL);//线程pthread_b

2. 线程pthread_a操作函数thread1：
   void *thread1(void *junk)
   {
   for(i=1;i<=6;i++)
   {
   pthread_mutex_lock(&m_lock);
   printf(“thread1: lock %d\n”, LINE);
   if(i%3==0){
   printf(“thread1:signal 1 %d\n”, LINE);
   pthread_cond_signal(&m_worker_cond);
   printf(“thread1:signal 2 %d\n”, LINE);
   sleep(1);
   }
   pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_lock);
   printf(“thread1: unlock %d\n”, LINE);
   sleep(1);
   }
   }
   获得互斥锁，进锁/出锁，sleep(1);延时；

3. 线程pthread_b操作函数thread2：
   void *thread2(void *junk)
   {
   while(i<6)
   {
   pthread_mutex_lock(&m_lock);
   printf(“thread2: lock %d\n”, LINE);
   if(i%3!=0){
   printf(“thread2: wait 1 %d\n”, LINE);
   pthread_cond_wait(&m_worker_cond,&m_lock);
   printf(“thread2: wait 2 %d\n”, LINE);
   }
   pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_lock);
   printf(“thread2: unlock %d\n”, LINE);
   sleep(1);
   }
   }
   获得互斥锁，进锁/出锁，
   pthread_cond_wait(&m_worker_cond,&m_lock);
   这是出锁，堵塞等待条件量变化后唤醒

4. 唤醒：
   thread1函数中if(i%3==0)为真时，pthread_cond_signal(&m_worker_cond);唤醒等待的堵塞，注意这里必须先出锁后才能唤醒堵塞等待(pthread_cond_wait(&m_worker_cond,&m_lock)😉;

5 执行堵塞等待：
pthread_cond_wait(&m_worker_cond,&m_lock);//唤醒并往下执行代码。