1.认识Spring Cloud Feign
在使用Spring Cloud构建的微服务架构中,Feign用来提供声明式的服务客户端定义方式。
Feign是一个伪客户端(不做任何的请求处理),它通过处理注解生成request,以此来简化HTTP API的开发。
2.定义的服务接口是如何注册到Spring容器的?
这里我们需要关注两个注解:
@FeignClient:使用在我们定义的服务接口上,表示该接口是一个Feign客户端;
@EnableFeignClients:使用在我们具体服务应用的启动类上。
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Import(FeignClientsRegistrar.class)
public @interface EnableFeignClients {
//...
}
@EnableFeignClients注解导入了FeignClientsRegistrar类,该类的核心方法如下:
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
registerDefaultConfiguration(metadata, registry);
registerFeignClients(metadata, registry);
}
public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner();
scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
Set<String> basePackages;
Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName());
AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter(
FeignClient.class);
final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null
: (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients");
if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) {
scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter);
basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata);
}
else {
final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>();
basePackages = new HashSet<>();
for (Class<?> clazz : clients) {
basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz));
clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName());
}
AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() {
@Override
protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) {
String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\\$", ".");
return clientClasses.contains(cleaned);
}
};
scanner.addIncludeFilter(
new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter)));
}
for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner
.findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) {
if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
// verify annotated class is an interface
AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent;
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(),
"@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface");
Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(
FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName());
String name = getClientName(attributes);
registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
attributes.get("configuration"));
registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes);
}
}
}
}
private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
.genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
validate(attributes);
definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes));
definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes));
String name = getName(attributes);
definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
String contextId = getContextId(attributes);
definition.addPropertyValue("contextId", contextId);
definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE);
String alias = contextId + "FeignClient";
AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();
boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null
beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);
String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes);
if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
alias = qualifier;
}
BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className,
new String[] { alias });
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
}
通过分析源码,我们可以知道,@EnableFeignClients注解的作用就是通过FeignClientsRegistrar,最终将使用了@FeignClient注解的接口全部注入到Spring容器中。
3.Feign是如何进行服务调用的?
a.Feign.class的newInstance(Target<T> target)方法将会为被@FeignClient注解的接口生成一个代理的实例
/**
* Returns a new instance of an HTTP API, defined by annotations in the {@link Feign Contract},
* for the specified {@code target}. You should cache this result.
*/
public abstract <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target);
Feign.class的实现类ReflectiveFeign.class具体实现了这个方法,它的newInstance方法为指定的Feign接口生成代理对象
/**
* creates an api binding to the {@code target}. As this invokes reflection, care should be taken
* to cache the result.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target) {
Map<String, MethodHandler> nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);
Map<Method, MethodHandler> methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap<Method, MethodHandler>();
List<DefaultMethodHandler> defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList<DefaultMethodHandler>();
for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) {
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
continue;
} else if (Util.isDefault(method)) {
DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method);
defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler);
methodToHandler.put(method, handler);
} else {
methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method)));
}
}
//将要被代理的方法全部在methodToHandler中;factory.create()默认返回的就是ReflectiveFeign.FeignInvocationHandler对象
InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler);
//使用jdk的动态代理为指定的Feign接口生成代理对象
T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(),
new Class<?>[] {target.type()}, handler);
for (DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) {
defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy);
}
return proxy;
}
b.代理对象把功能的实现委托给MethodHandler接口的invoke()方法
ReflectiveFeign.FeignInvocationHandler对象的invoke方法:
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
if ("equals".equals(method.getName())) {
try {
Object otherHandler =
args.length > 0 && args[0] != null ? Proxy.getInvocationHandler(args[0]) : null;
return equals(otherHandler);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
return false;
}
} else if ("hashCode".equals(method.getName())) {
return hashCode();
} else if ("toString".equals(method.getName())) {
return toString();
}
//也就是MethodHandler.invoke方法 其实现类SynchronousMethodHandler.class提供了具体的invoke方法
return dispatch.get(method).invoke(args);
}
c.SynchronousMethodHandler类进行拦截处理,根据传入参数构建http请求模板,把具体的请求委托给专门发送网络请求的类去具体执行
@Override
public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
//根据参数构建http请求模板
RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
while (true) {
try {
return executeAndDecode(template);
} catch (RetryableException e) {
try {
retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
} catch (RetryableException th) {
Throwable cause = th.getCause();
if (propagationPolicy == UNWRAP && cause != null) {
throw cause;
} else {
throw th;
}
}
if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
}
continue;
}
}
}
Object executeAndDecode(RequestTemplate template) throws Throwable {
Request request = targetRequest(template);
if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
logger.logRequest(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, request);
}
Response response;
long start = System.nanoTime();
try {
//Client对象真正执行发送请求的任务
response = client.execute(request, options);
} catch (IOException e) {
if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
logger.logIOException(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, e, elapsedTime(start));
}
throw errorExecuting(request, e);
}
long elapsedTime = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - start);
boolean shouldClose = true;
try {
if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
response =
logger.logAndRebufferResponse(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, response, elapsedTime);
}
if (Response.class == metadata.returnType()) {
if (response.body() == null) {
return response;
}
if (response.body().length() == null ||
response.body().length() > MAX_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
shouldClose = false;
return response;
}
// Ensure the response body is disconnected
byte[] bodyData = Util.toByteArray(response.body().asInputStream());
return response.toBuilder().body(bodyData).build();
}
if (response.status() >= 200 && response.status() < 300) {
if (void.class == metadata.returnType()) {
return null;
} else {
Object result = decode(response);
shouldClose = closeAfterDecode;
return result;
}
} else if (decode404 && response.status() == 404 && void.class != metadata.returnType()) {
Object result = decode(response);
shouldClose = closeAfterDecode;
return result;
} else {
throw errorDecoder.decode(metadata.configKey(), response);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
logger.logIOException(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, e, elapsedTime);
}
throw errorReading(request, response, e);
} finally {
if (shouldClose) {
ensureClosed(response.body());
}
}
}
d.Client组件最终发送request请求以及接收response响应
Client的实现类默认是Client.Default,该类由HttpURLConnnection实现网络请求,另外还支持ApacheHttpClient、Okhttp.
@Configuration
class DefaultFeignLoadBalancedConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(new Client.Default(null, null),
cachingFactory, clientFactory);
}
}
4.Feign请求的负载均衡是如何实现的?
a.由FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration.class自动配置类可知,向容器注入的是LoadBalancerFeignClient(这个类与Ribbon研究中的LoadBalancerClient类在功能上有相似性),即负载均衡客户端。
@Configuration
class DefaultFeignLoadBalancedConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(new Client.Default(null, null),
cachingFactory, clientFactory);
}
}
b.当Client组件发送request请求之前,也就是执行Client.execute()方法时,具体的请求会被LoadBalancerFeignClient处理。LoadBalancerFeignClient接着又把处理逻辑交给AbstractLoadBalancerAwareClient的executeWithLoadBalancer()方法.
org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.ribbon.LoadBalancerFeignClient的execute()方法:
@Override
public Response execute(Request request, Request.Options options) throws IOException {
try {
URI asUri = URI.create(request.url());
String clientName = asUri.getHost();
URI uriWithoutHost = cleanUrl(request.url(), clientName);
FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest ribbonRequest = new FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest(
this.delegate, request, uriWithoutHost);
IClientConfig requestConfig = getClientConfig(options, clientName);
return lbClient(clientName).executeWithLoadBalancer(ribbonRequest,
requestConfig).toResponse();
}
catch (ClientException e) {
IOException io = findIOException(e);
if (io != null) {
throw io;
}
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
c.AbstractLoadBalancerAwareClient的executeWithLoadBalancer()方法把负载均衡的任务交给LoadBalancerCommand的submit方法处理
com.netflix.client.AbstractLoadBalancerAwareClient的executeWithLoadBalancer()方法:
public T executeWithLoadBalancer(final S request, final IClientConfig requestConfig) throws ClientException {
LoadBalancerCommand<T> command = buildLoadBalancerCommand(request, requestConfig);
try {
return command.submit(
new ServerOperation<T>() {
@Override
public Observable<T> call(Server server) {
URI finalUri = reconstructURIWithServer(server, request.getUri());
S requestForServer = (S) request.replaceUri(finalUri);
try {
return Observable.just(AbstractLoadBalancerAwareClient.this.execute(requestForServer, requestConfig));
}
catch (Exception e) {
return Observable.error(e);
}
}
})
.toBlocking()
.single();
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof ClientException) {
throw (ClientException) t;
} else {
throw new ClientException(e);
}
}
}
d.LoadBalancerCommand的submit方法委托LoadBalancerContext.getServerFromLoadBalancer从负载均衡器里面获取一个服务实例
com.netflix.loadbalancer.reactive.LoadBalancerCommand.class
private Observable<Server> selectServer() {
return Observable.create(new OnSubscribe<Server>() {
@Override
public void call(Subscriber<? super Server> next) {
try {
//这很关键,委托负载均衡器取得一个Server实例
Server server = loadBalancerContext.getServerFromLoadBalancer(loadBalancerURI, loadBalancerKey);
next.onNext(server);
next.onCompleted();
} catch (Exception e) {
next.onError(e);
}
}
});
}
public Server getServerFromLoadBalancer(@Nullable URI original, @Nullable Object loadBalancerKey) throws ClientException {
//...
ILoadBalancer lb = getLoadBalancer();
if (host == null) {
// Partial URI or no URI Case
// well we have to just get the right instances from lb - or we fall back
if (lb != null){
Server svc = lb.chooseServer(loadBalancerKey);
}
//...
}