委托

委托

为什么使用委托？
将一个方法作为参数传递给另一个方法时，使用委托。这个参数方法的类型就叫委托。
声明：关键字delegate，委托与方法相似，但是委托没有方法体。注意：委托必须跟所指向的函数有相同的签名（参数和返回值）。委托需要在命名空间下声明。

delegate void MethodInvoker(int x);

简单的委托示例

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
	//声明委托
    public delegate double DoubleOp(double x);
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double value = 3.3;
            Display(MathOperations.Squ, value);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        //应用委托的方法 op即需要传入的方法
        public static void Display(DoubleOp op,double value)
        {
            double result = op(value);
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }
    }
    //含有两个不同方法的类
    public class MathOperations
    {
        public static double Mul(double value)
        {
            return value * 2;
        }
        public static double Squ(double value)
        {
            return value * value;
        }
    }
}

匿名函数写法：

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
	//声明委托
    public delegate double DoubleOp(double x);
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double value = 3.3;
            DoubleOp op = delegate (double x)
            {
                return x * 2;
            };
            double result=op(value);
            Console.WriteLine(result);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

匿名函数的主要体现是：
在实例委托时，DoubleOp op = delegate (double x){return x * 2;};
{}中的内容是对x后加的方法处理，其实相当于委托，在{}可以任意写入方法。

Lambda表达式写法

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
	//声明委托
    public delegate double DoubleOp(double x);
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double value = 3.3;
            DoubleOp op = (double x) =>
            {
                return x * 2;
            };
            double result=op(value);
            Console.WriteLine(result);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

lambda表达式的写法就是吧delegate去掉 换成 =>

泛型委托

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
    public delegate bool Operation<T>(T num1, T num2);
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string[] vs = { "lokk", "abbie", "ssssss" };
            int[] vs1 = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };
            string result = GetMax<string> (vs, (string num1, string num2) =>
            {
                string s1 = (string)num1;
                string s2 = (string)num2;
                if (s1.Length < s2.Length)
                {
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
                    return false;
                }
            });
            Console.WriteLine((string)result);
            Console.ReadKey();

        }

        public static T GetMax<T>(T[] nums, Operation<T>  op)
        {
            T max = nums[0];
            for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
            {
                if (op(max, nums[i]))
                {
                    max = nums[i];
                }
            }
            return max;
        }

    }
}

Action委托

• Action是.Net Framework内置的委托，要求：不带有返回值

Func委托

• Func是内置的代返回值的委托。

事件

事件基于委托，为委托提供了一种发布/订阅机制。

• 自定义委托

	class program
	{
		static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Bridegroom bridegroom = new Bridegroom();
            Friend friend1 = new Friend("Lok");
            Friend friend2 = new Friend("Abbiee");
            Friend friend3 = new Friend("Kathy");

            bridegroom.MarryEvent += friend1.SengMessage;
            bridegroom.MarryEvent += friend2.SengMessage;

            bridegroom.OnMarriageComing("朋友们，结婚了");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
    
    class Bridegroom
    {
        public delegate void MarryHandler(string msg);
        //声明自定义委托类型的事件
        public event MarryHandler MarryEvent;
        public void OnMarriageComing(string msg)
        {
            if (MarryEvent != null)
            {
                MarryEvent(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    class Friend
    {
        public string Name;
        public Friend(string name)
        {
            this.Name = name;
        }
        public void SengMessage(string msg)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(Name+"收到了，到时候准时参加");
        }
    }

• .net 框架下的EventHandler委托：
  EventHandler的参数类型是object和EventArg，所以被指向的方法也需要更改成一致的输入参数。
  obj:对象，包含事件的发送者。
  e：提供了事件的相关信息，且必须派生于EventArgs。

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Bridegroom bridegroom = new Bridegroom();
            Friend friend1 = new Friend("Lok");
            Friend friend2 = new Friend("Abbiee");
            Friend friend3 = new Friend("Kathy");

            bridegroom.MarryEvent += friend1.SengMessage;
            bridegroom.MarryEvent += friend2.SengMessage;

            bridegroom.OnMarriageComing("朋友们，结婚了");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
    
    class Bridegroom
    {
        public event EventHandler MarryEvent;
        public void OnMarriageComing(string msg)
        {
            if (MarryEvent != null)
            {
                MarryEvent(this,new EventArgs());
            }
        }
    }

    class Friend
    {
        public string Name;
        public Friend(string name)
        {
            this.Name = name;
        }
        public void SengMessage(object obj,EventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(Name+"收到了，到时候准时参加");
        }
    }

当需要在发布事件是传入参数，可以通过继承EventArgs来实现。

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Bridegroom bridegroom = new Bridegroom();
            Friend friend1 = new Friend("Lok");
            Friend friend2 = new Friend("Abbiee");
            Friend friend3 = new Friend("Kathy");

            bridegroom.MarryEvent += friend1.SengMessage;
            bridegroom.MarryEvent += friend2.SengMessage;

            bridegroom.OnMarriageComing("朋友们，结婚了");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
    //自定义MyEventArgs继承EventArgs
    public class MyEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        public string _message;
        public MyEventArgs(string message)
        {
            this._message = message;
        }
    }

    class Bridegroom
    {
        public event EventHandler<MyEventArgs> MarryEvent;
        public void OnMarriageComing(string msg)
        {
            if (MarryEvent != null)
            {
                //可以传入msg参数
                MarryEvent(this,new MyEventArgs(msg));
            }
        }
    }

    class Friend
    {
        public string Name;
        public Friend(string name)
        {
            this.Name = name;
        }
        public void SengMessage(object obj, MyEventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(e._message);
            Console.WriteLine(Name+"收到了，到时候准时参加");
        }
    }