初识Linux03-ifconfig、uname、uptime、free、who、last、history

我们继续来学几个新手应该要知道的命令

1.ifconfig

获取网卡配置和网络状态等信息: ifconfig[网络设备][参数]

信息详解有中文注释，是我打上去方便新手学习，Linux本身不提供

[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig
eno16777736(网卡名称): flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
		inet（IP地址） 192.168.10.20 netmask(子网掩码) 255.255.255.0 broadcast(广播地址) 192.168.10.255
        ether(mac地址) 00:0c:29:f6:61:a4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX（获取包的总大小,） packets 18  bytes 1656 (1.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX (发送包的总大小)packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 914  bytes 77644 (75.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 914  bytes 77644 (75.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2.uname

查看系统内核与系统版本信息: uname[-a]

[root@localhost Desktop]# uname 
Linux
[root@localhost Desktop]# uname -a
Linux （主机名称）localhost.localdomain 
(内核版本号)3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 (系统封装时间)#1 SMP Mon May 5 11:16:57 EDT 2014  
(系统架构)x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

3.uptime

查看系统负载信息:uptime
负载信息top也有显示，但top附带其他太多的信息，只想看负载信息推荐使用uptime

[root@localhost Desktop]# uptime
 17:29:30 up 48 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.06, 0.09, 0.14

4.free

查看当前系统中内存的使用量信息:free[-h]

[root@localhost Desktop]# free -h
			(内存total)   (已用)       (可用) (进程共享的内存量)	(磁盘缓存)	（缓存大小）
              total       used       free     shared          buffers     cached
Mem:          1.8G       1.1G       652M       9.7M            924K       327M
-/+ buffers/cache:       845M       981M
Swap:         2.0G         0B       2.0G

5.who

查看当前登入主机的用户终端信息:who

[root@localhost Desktop]# who
root     :0           2020-04-11 16:42 (:0)
root     pts/0        2020-04-11 16:42 (:0)

6.last

查看所有系统的登录记录；你用什么账户登录，什么时候登录等

[root@localhost Desktop]# last
root     pts/0        :0               Sat Apr 11 16:42   still logged in   
root     :0           :0               Sat Apr 11 16:42   still logged in   
(unknown :0           :0               Sat Apr 11 16:41 - 16:42  (00:00)    
reboot   system boot  3.10.0-123.el7.x Sun Apr 12 00:41 - 17:34  (-7:-6)    
root     pts/1        :1               Sat Apr 11 16:34 - crash  (08:07)    
root     :1           :1               Sat Apr 11 16:33 - crash  (08:07)    
(unknown :1           :1               Sat Apr 11 16:33 - 16:33  (00:00)    
linuxpro pts/0        :0               Wed Apr  8 15:28 - crash (3+09:12)   
linuxpro pts/0        :0               Wed Apr  8 15:21 - 15:28  (00:07)    
linuxpro :0           :0               Wed Apr  8 15:20 - crash (3+09:20)   
(unknown :0           :0               Wed Apr  8 15:19 - 15:20  (00:00)    
reboot   system boot  3.10.0-123.el7.x Wed Apr  8 23:19 - 17:34 (2+18:15)   
....省略一部分信息

7.history

显示执行过的命令：history[-c]
history 查看执行过的命令
history -c 清除所有历史记录

[root@localhost Desktop]# history
    1  cd /etc/sysconfig
    2  vi i18n
    3  ll
    4  cd ~
    5  cd /etc
    6  cat locale.conf
    7  vim locale.conf
    8  reboot
    9  echo hello Linux
   10  echo $SHELL
   11  date

使用history后，可以使用"!编号数字"来重复执行命令；e.g !9

[root@localhost Desktop]# !9
echo hello Linux
hello Linux
[root@localhost Desktop]#