var、let、const的区别:
1、var声明的变量会挂载在window上,而let和const声明的变量不会
var a = 1;
console.log(a,window.a);
let b = 10;
console.log(b,window.b);
const c = 100;
console.log(c,window.c);
结果:
1 1
10 undefined
100 undefined
2、var声明的变量存在变量提升(即预解析过程),而let和const不存在
console.log(a);
var a = 1;
结果:
undefined
console.log(b);
let b = 10;
结果:
Uncaught ReferenceError: Cannot access 'b' before initialization
console.log(c);
const c = 100;
结果:
Uncaught ReferenceError: Cannot access 'c' before initialization
3、同一作用域下let和const不能声明同名变量,而var可以
var a=1;
console.log(a);
var a=10;
console.log(a);
结果:
1
10
let b=1;
console.log(b);
let b=10;
console.log(b);
结果:
Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier 'b' has already been declared
const c=1;
console.log(c);
const c=10;
console.log(c);
结果:
Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier 'c' has already been declared
4、{}代表块级作用域,let和const声明形成块作用域,var只有函数作用域
if(true){
var a=1;
let b=10;
console.log('块内:');
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
}
console.log('块外:');
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
结果:
块内:
1
10
块外:
1
Uncaught ReferenceError: b is not defined
if(true){
const c=100;
console.log('块内:');
console.log(c);
}
console.log('块外:');
console.log(c);
块内:
100
块外:
Uncaught ReferenceError: c is not defined
5、for循环中,var定义相当于在for这一片区是全局的,所以值是最后一个;let是每个独立分开的,所以值不同
var a=[];
for(var i=0;i<5;i++){
a[i]=function (){
console.log('i:'+i)
}
}
a[3]();
var b = [];
for (let k = 0; k < 5; k++) {
b[k] = function () {
console.log('k:'+k);
};
}
b[3]();
结果:
i:5
k:3
6、暂存死区:在代码块内,使用let声明变量之前,该变量都是不可以使用的
var a = 100;
if(1){
a = 10;
//在当前块作用域中存在a使用let/const声明的情况下,给a赋值10时,只会在当前作用域找变量a,此时还未到声明时候
let a = 1;
}
结果:
Uncaught ReferenceError: Cannot access 'a' before initialization
7、var仅在function是局部变量,其余均是全局变量;let一直充当局部变量,即使是在IF中,外界也不能访问
function a (){
var b = 10
console.log('内')
console.log(b)
}
a()
console.log('外')
console.log(b)
结果:
内
10
外
Uncaught ReferenceError: b is not defined
8、const一旦声明必须赋值(必须初始化),不能使用null占位;声明后不能再修改;若声明的是复合类型数据,可修改其属性;
const a;
a=10;
console.log(a);
Uncaught SyntaxError: Missing initializer in const declaration
const a=10;
console.log('修改前:'+a);
a=100;
console.log('修改后:'+a);
修改前:10
Uncaught TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
const a=[];
a[0]=10;
console.log(a);
const b={name:'joe'};
b.name='amy';
b.age=20;
console.log(b);
[10]
{name: "amy", age: 20}