继承

1.原型继承

function SuperType(){
    this.property = true;
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function() {
    return this.property;
}
function SubType() {
    this.subproperty = false;
}
//继承了SuperType
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function() {
    return this.subproperty;
}
var instance = new SubType();
alert(instance.getSuperValue()); //true

2.借用构造函数

function SuperType() {
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

function SubType() {
    //继承SuperType
    SuperType.call(this);
}

var instance1 = new SubType();
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors); //"red,blue,green,black"

var instance2 = new SubType();
alert(instance2.colors); //"red,blue,green"

传递参数
 

function SuperType(name) {
    this.name = name;
}

function SubType() {
    //继承SuperType，同时还传递了参数
    SuperType.call(this, "Nicholas");

    //实例属性
    this.age = 29;
}

var instance = new SubType();
alert(instance.name); //"Nicholas";
alert(instance.age); //29

3.组合继承

function SuperType(name) {
    this.name = name;
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

SuperType.prototype.sayName = function() {
    alert(this.name);
}

function SubType(name, age) {
    //继承属性
    SubType.call(this, name);
    this.age = age;
}
//继承方法
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.constructor = SubType;
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function() {
    alert(this.age);
};

var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors); //"red,blue,green,black"
instance1.sayName(); //"Nicholas"
instance1.sayAge(); //29

var instance2 = new SubType("Greg", 27);
alert(instance2.colors);  //"red,blue,green"
instance2.sayName(); //"Greg";
instance2.sayAge(); //27

4.原型式继承

function object(o) {
    function F() {}
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}
var person = {
    name: "Nicholas",
    friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
};

var anotherPerson = object(person);
anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");

var yetAnotherPerson = object(person);
yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda";
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie");

alert(person.friends); //"Shelby, Court, Van, Rob, Barbie"

//ECMAScript5新增Object.create()


var person = {
    name: "Nicholas",
    friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
};
var anotherPerson = Object.create(person);
anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");

var yetAnotherPerson = Object.create(person);
yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda";
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie");

alert(person.friends); //"Shelby, Court, Van, Rob, Barbie"

5.寄生式继承

function createAnother(original){ 
    var clone=object(original); //通过调用函数创建一个新对象
    clone.sayHi = function(){    //以某种方式来增强这个对象
        alert("hi");    
    };
    return clone; //返回这个对象
}
var person = {
    name: "Nicholas",
    friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
};
var anotherPerson = createAnother(person);
anotherPerson.sayHi(); //"hi"

6.寄生组合式继承

function inheritPrototype(subType, superType){
    var prototype = object(superType.prototype);
    prototype.constructor = subType;
    subType.prototype = prototype;
}
function SuperType(name){
    this.name = name;
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function(){
    alert(this.name);
};
function SubType(name, age){
    SuperType.call(this, name);
    this.age = age;
}
inheritPrototype(SubType, SuperType);
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function(){
     alert(this.age);
};