快速入门分析:
文件上传过程:用户把图片或文件传到服务器的过程。即客户端把用户上传的数据传到request域中。服务器通过request域把数据存到服务器的某个文件。
1.在前端页面html,form表单必须是post提交方式,enctype="multipart/form-data" 提交<input type="file" name="filename">.
2.在业务代码中步骤:
1)创建磁盘工厂
2)创建文件上传核心类
3)解析request域,获取文件项集合
4)遍历文件项集合
5)判断普同表单项与文件上传项
普通项为:username=张三 获取名字与值
文件上传项:获取文件上传的名字,通过IO获取上传的文件
准备:commons-fileupload-1.2.1包
commons-io-1.4包
form.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 设置多部分表单 -->
<form action="/WEB32/fileuploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="text" name="username">
<input type="file" name="filename">
<input type="submit" value="提交表单">
</form>
</body>
</html>
FileuploadServlet
package com.itheima;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUpload;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
public class FileuploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
// 1、创建磁盘文件项工厂
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
// 2、创建文件上传的核心类
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload();
// 3、解析request---获得文件项集合
List<FileItem> parseRequest = upload.parseRequest(request);
//4、遍历文件项集合
for(FileItem item:parseRequest) {
//5、判断普通表单项/文件上传项
boolean formField = item.isFormField();//是否是一个普通表单项
if(formField) {
//普通表单项
String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
String fieldValue = item.getString();
System.out.println(fieldName+":"+fieldValue);
}else {
//文件上传项
//获得上传文件的名称
String fileName = item.getName();
//获得上传文件的内容
InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
//将in中的数据拷贝服务器上
String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("upload");//获取upoad文件夹的绝对地址
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path+"/"+fileName);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len=in.read(buffer))>0) {
out.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}
}
} catch (FileUploadException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
基本详解分析:
1.在业务代码基础中,对快速入门加入详细的api用法
磁盘工厂,临时文件的大小与位置
文件上传核心类,对文件名字的编码,是否为多表单项的判断。
IOUtils工具的使用。
删除临时文件。
package com.itheima;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
public class FileuploadServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
//1、创建磁盘文件项工厂
//作用:设置缓存文件的大小 设置临时文件存储的位置
String path_temp = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("temp");
//DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(1024*1024, new File(path_temp));
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
factory.setSizeThreshold(1024*1024);
factory.setRepository(new File(path_temp));
//2、创建文件上传的核心类
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
//设置上传文件的名称的编码
upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
//ServletFileUpload的API
boolean multipartContent = upload.isMultipartContent(request);//判断表单是否是文件上传的表单
if(multipartContent){
//是文件上传的表单
//***解析request获得文件项集合
List<FileItem> parseRequest = upload.parseRequest(request);
if(parseRequest!=null){
for(FileItem item : parseRequest){
//判断是不是一个普通表单项
boolean formField = item.isFormField();
if(formField){
//username=zhangsan
String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
String fieldValue = item.getString("UTF-8");//对普通表单项的内容进行编码
System.out.println(fieldName+"----"+fieldValue);
//当表单是enctype="multipart/form-data"时 request.getParameter相关的方法
//String parameter = request.getParameter("username");
}else{
//文件上传项
//文件的名
String fileName = item.getName();
//获得上传文件的内容
InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
String path_store = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("upload");
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path_store+"/"+fileName);
IOUtils.copy(in, out);
in.close();
out.close();
//删除临时文件
item.delete();
}
}
}
}else{
//不是文件上传表单
//使用原始的表单数据的获得方式 request.getParameter();
}
} catch (FileUploadException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}