python的cubes怎么使用_Python入门之列表操作基础

Python knows a number of compound data types, used to group together other values. The most versatile is the list, which can be written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets. Lists might contain items of different types, but usually the items all have the same type. Python能理解各种复合数据类型，用于将其他值分组在一起，最常用的方法就是列表，它可以用方括号括起来，用逗号分隔值(对象)的列表。列表可能包含不同类型的对象，但通常都具有相同的类型。

>>> squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

>>> squares

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

Like strings (and all other built-in sequence type), lists can be indexed and sliced: 与字符串操作类似，列表也可以切片(截取)操作。

>>> squares[0] # indexing returns the item 返回索引号的列表值

1

>>> squares[-1]#负数仍是从右往左

25

>>> squares[-3:] # slicing returns a new list 通过切片得到一个新的列表

[9, 16, 25]

All slice operations return a new list containing the requested elements. This means that the following slice returns a new (shallow) copy of the list: 所有的截取切片操作都返回包含请求元素的新列表。这意味着下面的截取切片返回的是新列表

>>> squares[:]

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

Lists also support operations like concatenation:列表还支持诸如级联的操作(即两个列表合并)：

>>> squares + [36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

Unlike strings, which are immutable, lists are a mutable type, i.e. it is possible to change their content:与不可变的字符串不同，列表是可变类型，也就是说，可以改变它们的内容：

>>> cubes = [1, 8, 27, 65, 125] # something's wrong here假设这是个有规律的数列，这里就错了

>>> 4 ** 3 # the cube of 4 is 64, not 65!第四个应该是是4的三次方，不是65

64

>>> cubes[3] = 64 # replace the wrong value 用64替代错误值

>>> cubes

[1, 8, 27, 64, 125]

You can also add new items at the end of the list, by using the append() method (we will see more about methods later):您还可以通过使用AppEnter()方法在列表末尾添加新对象(稍后我们会看到更多的方法)：

>>> cubes.append(216) # add the cube of 6 cube数列增加到6个对象或元素

>>> cubes.append(7 ** 3) # and the cube of 7 cube数列增加到7个对象或元素

>>> cubes

[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343]

Assignment to slices is also possible, and this can even change the size of the list or clear it entirely 对切片(截取段)的赋值也是可能的，这甚至可以改变列表的大小或完全清除它：

>>> letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']

>>> letters

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']

>>> # replace some values取代部分元素

>>> letters[2:5] = ['C', 'D', 'E'] #2到5位为C、D、E

>>> letters

['a', 'b', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'f', 'g']

>>> # now remove them #删除

>>> letters[2:5] = [] #删除当前序号2到5位的元素

>>> letters

['a', 'b', 'f', 'g']

>>> # clear the list by replacing all the elements with an empty list把列表变空

>>> letters[:] = []

>>> letters

[]

The built-in function len() also applies to lists:内置函数同样适用于列表

>>> letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

>>> len(letters)

4

It is possible to nest lists (create lists containing other lists), for example: Python可以嵌套列表(创建包含其他列表的列表)，例如：

>>> a = ['a', 'b', 'c']

>>> n = [1, 2, 3]

>>> x = [a, n] #嵌套

>>> x

[['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3]] #嵌套后的结果

>>> x[0]#输出x列表的0位对象

['a', 'b', 'c']

>>> x[0][1]

'b'