android native c,Android原生(Native)C开发之二：framebuffer篇

虽然现在能通过交叉环境编译程序，并push到Android上执行，但那只是console台程序，是不是有些单调呢？下面就要看如何通过Linux的

framebuffer

技术在Android上画图形，关于Linux的framebuffer技术，这里就不再详细讲解了，请大家google一下。

操作framebuffer的主要步骤如下：

1、打开一个可用的FrameBuffer设备；

2、通过mmap调用把显卡的物理内存空间映射到用户空间；

3、更改内存空间里的像素数据并显示；

4、退出时关闭framebuffer设备。

下面的这个例子简单地用framebuffer画了一个渐变的进度条，代码 framebuf.c 如下：

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

inline static unsigned short int make16color(unsigned char r,

unsigned char g, unsigned char b)

{

return

(

(((r >> 3)

& 31) << 11) |

(((g >> 2)

& 63) <<

5) |

((b >> 3)

&

31) );

}

int main() {

int fbfd =

0;

struct

fb_var_screeninfo vinfo;

struct

fb_fix_screeninfo finfo;

long int

screensize = 0;

char *fbp = 0;

int x = 0, y

= 0;

int

guage_height = 20, step = 10;

long int

location = 0;

// Open

the file for reading and writing

fbfd =

open("/dev/graphics/fb0", O_RDWR);

if (!fbfd)

{

printf("Error: cannot open framebuffer device.\n");

exit(1);

}

printf("The

framebuffer device was opened successfully.\n");

// Get

fixed screen information

if

(ioctl(fbfd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &finfo)) {

printf("Error reading fixed information.\n");

exit(2);

}

// Get

variable screen information

if

(ioctl(fbfd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &vinfo)) {

printf("Error reading variable information.\n");

exit(3);

}

printf("sizeof(unsigned short) = %d\n",

sizeof(unsigned short));

printf("%dx%d, %dbpp\n", vinfo.xres, vinfo.yres,

vinfo.bits_per_pixel );

printf("xoffset:%d, yoffset:%d, line_length:

%d\n", vinfo.xoffset, vinfo.yoffset, finfo.line_length );

// Figure

out the size of the screen in bytes

screensize =

vinfo.xres * vinfo.yres * vinfo.bits_per_pixel / 8;;

// Map

the device to memory

fbp = (char

*)mmap(0, screensize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,

fbfd, 0);

if

((int)fbp == -1) {

printf("Error: failed to map framebuffer device to

memory.\n");

exit(4);

}

printf("The

framebuffer device was mapped to memory successfully.\n");

//set to black color first

memset(fbp, 0, screensize);

//draw

rectangle

y =

(vinfo.yres - guage_height) / 2 -

2; // Where we are going to put the pixel

for (x =

step - 2; x < vinfo.xres - step + 2; x++) {

location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +

(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;

*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = 255;

}

y =

(vinfo.yres + guage_height) / 2 +

2; // Where we are going to put the pixel

for (x =

step - 2; x < vinfo.xres - step + 2; x++) {

location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +

(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;

*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = 255;

}

x = step

- 2;

for (y =

(vinfo.yres - guage_height) / 2 - 2; y < (vinfo.yres

+ guage_height) / 2 + 2; y++) {

location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +

(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;

*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = 255;

}

x =

vinfo.xres - step + 2;

for (y =

(vinfo.yres - guage_height) / 2 - 2; y < (vinfo.yres

+ guage_height) / 2 + 2; y++) {

location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +

(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;

*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = 255;

}

// Figure

out where in memory to put the pixel

for ( x =

step; x < vinfo.xres - step; x++ ) {

for ( y = (vinfo.yres - guage_height) / 2; y <

(vinfo.yres + guage_height) / 2; y++ ) {

location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +

(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;

if ( vinfo.bits_per_pixel == 32 ) {

*(fbp + location) =

100; // Some blue

*(fbp + location + 1) =

15+(x-100)/2; // A little green

*(fbp + location + 2) =

200-(y-100)/5; // A lot of red

*(fbp + location + 3) =

0; // No transparency

} else { //assume 16bpp

unsigned char b = 255 * x / (vinfo.xres - step);

unsigned char g =

255; // (x - 100)/6 A little green

unsigned char r =

255; // A lot

of red

unsigned short int t = make16color(r, g, b);

*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = t;

}

}

//printf("x = %d, temp = %d\n",

x, temp);

//sleep to see it

usleep(200);

}

//clean

framebuffer

munmap(fbp,

screensize);

close(fbfd);

return

0;

}

注意，在Android环境，framebuffer设备不是象linux一样的 /dev/fb0，而是 /dev/graphics/fb0 ，

fbfd = open("/dev/graphics/fb0", O_RDWR);

打开framebuffer设备，

fbp =

(char *)mmap(0, screensize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,

MAP_SHARED,

fbfd, 0);

将设备map到一块内存，然后就可以操作这块内存空间来显示你想画的图形了。

最后别忘了关闭设备：

munmap(fbp, screensize);

close(fbfd);

效果图如下：