centos6.5安装解压版mysql_Centos7.6安装MySQL5.7.32解压版

下载MySQL linux版

安装MySQL

解压到/usr/local目录下

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

重命名mysql

cd /usr/local

mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

安装依赖库

cd mysql

yum install -y libaio

yum -y install numactl

创建mysql用户与用户组

cd mysql

mkdir data

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -d /usr/local/mysql/

创建mysql相关目录与授权(需存在mysql用户与用户组)

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/log

mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql/

mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld/

touch /usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld.log

chmod 666 /usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld.log

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld/

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/

初始化命令

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin

./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

初始化中如果碰见这个问题

删除已经初始化的数据,重新初始化

rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data

./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

查看安装成功后的数据库root密码

cd /root/

cat .mysql_secret

输出内容

# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2020-10-30 16:59:57

gKcu4Awy1ZYa 这个是密码

杀死当前mysql进程

netstat -apn | grep 3306

输出

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 17927/./mysqld

kill -9 17927

修改基本配置

vim /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

将basedir与datadir的值按照如下修改后保存并退出

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

mysqld_pid_file_path=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

为脚本创建软链接

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

添加基本my.cnf配置

cd /etc/

vim /etc/my.cnf

my.cnf文件

[mysqld]

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

user=mysql

port=33068

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

symbolic-links=0

max_connections=200

default-storage-engine=INNODB

lower_case_table_names=1

max_allowed_packet=32M

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

修改mysqld执行权限

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

设置mysql开机启动

chkconfig mysqld on

启动MySQL

service mysqld start

service mysqld stop

service mysqld restart

centos8需要安装

yum install libncurses*

mysql -u root -p

输入刚刚的密码gKcu4Awy1ZYa

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '你的密码';

密码设置的难一点，不然会报太简单了。

修改密码另一种方式

set password for 'root'=password('p@s5w0rd');

还有一种 建议使用这种

update user set authentication_string = password("p@s5w0rd") where user="root";

允许root账户IP登录

use mysql;

update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

允许远程访问

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

退出MySQL

exit;

备份

备份前准备

# 进入mysql安装目录

cd /usr/local/mysql

# 进入bin下会发现有一个mysqldump 这个就是数据库备份用到的

cd bin/

ls

# 执行手动备份

# 新建备份目录

cd /usr/local

mkdir mysql-backups

cd mysql-backups

# 执行手动备份命令

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -u root -p 数据库名 > /usr/local/mysql-backups/数据库名.sql

使用shell脚本备份

新建shell脚本-备份所有的数据库

#!/bin/bash

#备份目录

BACKUP_FILEDIR=/usr/local/mysql-backups/

#当前时间

DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)

####备份####

mysqldump --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf --all-databases | gzip > $BACKUP_FILEDIR/$DATE.sql.gz

echo $DATE"备份完成"

新建shell脚本-删除7天前的备份文件

#!/bin/bash

#备份目录

BACKUP_FILEDIR=/usr/local/mysql-backups

find $BACKUP_FILEDIR -mtime +7 -name "*.gz" -exec rm -rf {} \;

echo "执行清理七天前备份文件完成"

手动备份

# 进入数据库备份目录

cd /usr/local/mysql-backups

# 创建shell脚本

vim mysql.sh

# 将上面shell脚本内容CV到服务器上，注意填上数据库名字

# Esc 保存退出

:wq

# 尝试执行shell脚本

sh /usr/local/mysql-backups/mysql.sh

# 执行报错了 原因是因为数据库有密码了

mysqldump: Got error: 1045: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) when trying to connect

# 那就解决一下

# 编辑my.cnf文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

# 填写并修改 mysqldump下的参数是给导出的命令使用的

[mysqldump]

max_allowed_packet = 400M

host=localhost

user=root

password='password'

# 再次执行脚本，在/usr/local/mysql-backups下就会出现一个压缩文件

# 删除7天前的备份

vim mysql_clean.sh

# 填写并修改 上面的清理脚本

自动备份

定时任务配置

#添加定时任务

crontab -e

#加入

#每天1点执行备份操作

00 1 * * * sh /usr/local/mysql-backups/mysql.sh

#每天2点执行清理7天前备份操作

00 2 * * * sh /usr/local/mysql-backups/mysql_clean.sh