安卓盒子装mysql_小白学mysql第一天：mysql安装

第一次写博客，也是刚刚开始学习mysql，总结的不好不对的地方，请大牛多多指点。

1、官网下载二进制安装包：mysql-5.5.60-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz <=====安装有多种方法，之前已试过编译安装，比较麻烦，下次有心情了再总结编译安装吧。

2、解压到mysql安装目录/u01/mysql

3、创建mysql数据存放目录/data/3306/data和/data/3307/data <====打算创建2个实例，一个3306一个3307

4、分别在3306、3307目录下创建my.cnf配置文件和mysql启动脚本 <====mysql文件是自己写的一个启动、停止mysql的shell脚本

好，上面的内容都比较简单，二进制的文件，解压就能用，我们启动下3306试试看：

[root@mysql mysql]# /data/3306/mysql start <==启动

Starting MySQL...

[root@mysql mysql]#ps -ef|grepmysql <===看看相关进程

root4485 1 0 10:40 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /u01/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf

mysql5226 4485 0 10:40 pts/0 00:00:00 /u01/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf --basedir=/u01/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --plugin-dir=/u01/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/3306/mysql_3306.err --open-files-limit=1024 --pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/3306/mysql.sock --port=3306root5252 3434 0 10:41 pts/0 00:00:00 grepmysql

[root@mysql mysql]#

[root@mysql mysql]# netstat-lntup|grep 330tcp0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5226/mysqld

[root@mysql mysql]#

6、进入数据库看看，多实例需要指定sock文件，不然会报错：

[root@mysql Desktop]# mysql <====提示需要一个sock文件

ERROR2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket'/mysql/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock'(2)

[root@mysql Desktop]# mysql-uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock <====这里报错是因为我设置了root的密码，所以登录时要指定root密码登录

ERROR1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'(using password: NO)

[root@mysql Desktop]# mysql-uroot -pyuanqk -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connectionid is 2Server version:5.5.60-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) <===进来了，这里显示用的是社区版5.5.60

Copyright (c)2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clearthe current input statement.

mysql>mysql>show databases;+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.06sec)

mysql>

7、没什么问题，我们创建个数据库看看，如果不清楚命令，可以使用help create database查看帮助

mysql>help create database;

Name:'CREATE DATABASE'Description:

Syntax:

CREATE {DATABASE|SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name

[create_specification] ...

create_specification:

[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name| [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name

CREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this

statement, you need the CREATE privilegeforthe database. CREATE

SCHEMA is a synonymforCREATE DATABASE.

URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/create-database.html

mysql>

-----------------也可使用show create database mysql查看已安装的数据库使用的命令----------------

mysql> show create database mysql <===这个命令还可以这样写：show create database mysql\G

-> ;

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Database | Create Database |

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| mysql | CREATE DATABASE `mysql` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

好，命令知道了，我们创建个数据库试试

mysql> create database yuanqk;  <====就这么简单，比oracle简单的不止一点点

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

| yuanqk |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create database yuanqk

-> ;

+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Database | Create Database |

+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

| yuanqk | CREATE DATABASE `yuanqk` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |

+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

8、刚才这么创建数据库什么也不指定的话，默认字符集是latin1，如果是编译安装的话，可以通过DDEFAULT_CHARSET指定默认的字符集。

9、那我想创建其他字符集的数据库怎么办，也非常简单

mysql>create database yuanqk_gbk default character set gbk collate gbk_chinese_ci; <===创建个gbk的数据库

Query OK,1 row affected (0.00sec)

mysql>show databases;+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

| yuanqk |

| yuanqk_gbk |

+--------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql> show databases like '%yuanqk%'; <===对了，这个地方其实可以使用like的+---------------------+

| Database (%yuanqk%) |

+---------------------+

| yuanqk |

| yuanqk_gbk |

+---------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>show create database yuanqk_gbk->;+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Database | Create Database |

+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| yuanqk_gbk | CREATE DATABASE `yuanqk_gbk` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk*/ |

+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql>create database yuanqk_utf8 default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci; <====创建个utf8的数据库

Query OK,1 row affected (0.00sec)

mysql>show create database yuanqk_utf8;+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Database | Create Database |

+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+

| yuanqk_utf8 | CREATE DATABASE `yuanqk_utf8` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8*/ |

+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql>

10、那为什么要设置不同的字符集，因为字符集不一致会导致数据库中文内容出现乱码，但是如果是编译安装的话，得指定DEXTRA_CHARSETS参数，使其支持这些字符集，否则数据库不支持，指定了也没用。

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk、gb2312、utf8、ascii

11、那在生产环境中如何选择该安装什么字符集呢，这个要看开发程序，一般使用utf8的比较多。

12、好，mysql安装就总结到这，下面学学mysql的一些操作命令再回来总结。

13、在创建数据库时可以指定默认字符集default character同时还有个参数collate，这个collate是字符集校验规则，目前不清楚具体是干啥用的，不过可以通过下面命令获取所有字符集对应的校验规则;

mysql>show character set;+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |

| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |

| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |

| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |

| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |

| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |

| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |

| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |

| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |

| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |

| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |

| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |

| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |

| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |

| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |

| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |

| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |

| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |

| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |

| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |

| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |

| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |

| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |

| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |

| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |

| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |

| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |

| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |

| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |

| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |

| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |

| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |

| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |

| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |

| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |

| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |

| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |

| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |

| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

39 rows in set (0.04sec)

mysql>