码农公社 210.net.cn 210是何含义?10月24日是程序员节,1024 =210、210既
210
之意。
Apache在码农界是比较知名的,它也是目前最接地气、使用最广泛的Web服务器。大家可以从news.netcraft.com/这个网站得到证实。
Apache在功能、效率、开源三个方面对我很有吸引力,但囿于自己的技术水平,无法从Apache庞大的source code里面理清头绪。
懒惰中,冒出自己动手写一个简易实用的Web服务器的主意,在此分享给大家,权当抛砖引玉!
我的实验环境为:
OS: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
gcc: 4.1.2
libc: 2.5
editor: Vim
lang: C
阅读该源代码需要以下预备知识:
C语言基础
Linux编程基础
socket编程基础(Linux)
TCP/IP基本原理
HTTP基本原理
下面是第一个版本(0.1 Alpha),实现了WEB 服务器的最基本功能 ,包括以下源文件:
webserver.c----程序入口
init_socket.h
init_socket.c----完成一些WEB服务器的初始化工作
get_time.h get_time.c----获得服务器的时间
http_session.h http_session.c----处理一次HTTP会话
以下是各文件源码:
webserver.c/*
* file:webserver.c
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include"get_time.h"
#include"init_socket.h"
#include"http_session.h"
intmain(intargc,char*argv[])
{
intlisten_fd;
intconnect_fd;
structsockaddr_inserver_addr;
structsockaddr_inclient_addr;
bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(structsockaddr_in));
bzero(&client_addr,sizeof(structsockaddr_in));
if(init_socket(&listen_fd,&server_addr)==-1)
{
perror("init_socket() error. in webserver.c");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
socklen_taddrlen=sizeof(structsockaddr_in);
pid_tpid;
while(1)
{
if((connect_fd=accept(listen_fd,(structsockaddr*)&client_addr,&addrlen))==-1)
{
perror("accept() error. in webserver.c");
continue;
}
if((pid=fork())>0)
{
close(connect_fd);
continue;
}
elseif(pid==0)
{
close(listen_fd);
printf("pid %d process http session from %s : %d
",getpid(),inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr),htons(client_addr.sin_port));
if(http_session(&connect_fd,&client_addr)==-1)
{
perror("http_session() error. in webserver.c");
shutdown(connect_fd,SHUT_RDWR);
printf("pid %d loss connection to %s
",getpid(),inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);/* exit from child process, stop this http session */
}
printf("pid %d close connection to %s
",getpid(),inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));
shutdown(connect_fd,SHUT_RDWR);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
else
{
perror("fork() error. in webserver.c");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
shutdown(listen_fd,SHUT_RDWR);
return0;
}
init_socket.h/*
* file:init_socket.h
*/
#ifndefINIT_SOCKET_H
#defineINIT_SOCKET_H
#include
#defineBACKLOG 20/* length of listening queue on socket */
#definePORT 8080/* web server listening port */
/* initialize the socket on server, include below
socket();
bind();
listen();
*/
/* listen_fd : the web server listen file decriptor
server_addr: the web server ipv4 address
RETURNS: success on 0, error on -1
*/
intinit_socket(int*listen_fd,structsockaddr_in*server_addr);
#endif
init_socket.c
/*
* file:init_socket.c
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include"init_socket.h"
intinit_socket(int*listen_fd,structsockaddr_in*server_addr)
{
if((*listen_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1)
{
perror("socket() error. in init_socket.c");
return-1;
}
/* set reuse the port on server machine */
intopt=SO_REUSEADDR;
if(setsockopt(*listen_fd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&opt,sizeof(opt))==-1)
{
perror("setsockopt() error. in init_socket.c");
return-1;
}
server_addr->sin_family=AF_INET;
server_addr->sin_port=htons(PORT);
server_addr->sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if(bind(*listen_fd,(structsockaddr*)server_addr,sizeof(structsockaddr_in))==-1)
{
perror("bind() error. in init_socket.c");
return-1;
}
if(listen(*listen_fd,BACKLOG)==-1)
{
perror("listen() error. in init_socket.c");
return-1;
}
return0;
}
get_time.h
/*
* file: get_time.h
*/
#ifndefGET_TIME_H
#defineGET_TIME_H
#defineTIME_BUFFER_SIZE 40/* buffer size of time_buffer */
char*get_time_str(char*time_buf);
#endif
get_time.c
/*
* file:get_time.c
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include"get_time.h"
/* get the time on server,
return: the ascii string of time , NULL on error
argument: time_buf the buffer to store time_string
*/
char*get_time_str(char*time_buf)
{
time_tnow_sec;
structtm*time_now;
if(time(&now_sec)==-1)
{
perror("time() in get_time.c");
returnNULL;
}
if((time_now=gmtime(&now_sec))==NULL)
{
perror("localtime in get_time.c");
returnNULL;
}
char*str_ptr=NULL;
if((str_ptr=asctime(time_now))==NULL)
{
perror("asctime in get_time.c");
returnNULL;
}
strcat(time_buf,str_ptr);
returntime_buf;
}
http_session.c
/*
* file: http_session.h
*/
#ifndefHTTP_SESSION_H
#defineHTTP_SESSION_H
#include
#defineRECV_BUFFER_SIZE 1024/* 1KB of receive buffer */
#defineSEND_BUFFER_SIZE 1050000/* 1.xMB of send buffer */
#defineURI_SIZE 128/* length of uri request from client browse */
#defineTIME_OUT_SEC 10/* select timeout of secend */
#defineTIME_OUT_USEC 0/* select timeout of usecend */
#defineFILE_OK 200
#defineFILE_FORBIDEN 403/* there are no access permission*/
#defineFILE_NOT_FOUND 404/* file not found on server */
#defineUNALLOW_METHOD 405/* un allow http request method*/
#defineFILE_TOO_LARGE 413/* file is too large */
#defineURI_TOO_LONG 414/* */
#defineUNSUPPORT_MIME_TYPE 415
#defineUNSUPPORT_HTTP_VERSION 505
#defineFILE_MAX_SIZE 1048576/* 1MB the max siee of file read from hard disk */
#defineALLOW"Allow:GET"/* the server allow GET request method*/
#defineSERVER"Server:Mutu(0.1 Alpha)/Linux"
/* if the connect protocol is http then this function deal with it */
inthttp_session(int*connect_fd,structsockaddr_in*client_addr);
/* if http protocol return 1, else return 0 */
intis_http_protocol(char*msg_from_client);
/* get the request header's uri */
char*get_uri(char*req_header,char*uri_buf);
/* get the uri status,access return 0, not exist return 1, permission deny return 2, error return -1 */
intget_uri_status(char*uri);
/* get the mime type of the file request in uri from client's browse */
char*get_mime_type(char*uri);
/* read the file which requested by client in uri ,and store in entity_buf.
success return bytes readed,error return -1
*/
intget_file_disk(char*uri,unsignedchar*entity_buf);
/* set http replay header's status:
200:ok
404:file not found
*/
intset_rep_status();
intset_error_information(unsignedchar*send_buf,interrorno);
intreply_normal_information(unsignedchar*send_buf,unsignedchar*file_buf,intfile_size,char*mime_type);
#endif
如何访问该服务器?
通过在浏览器地址栏输入 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080 来访问该web服务器。
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 指的是ip地址。
如果你在本机进行测试,IP地址可以直接用127.0.0.1(回环地址,localhost) 。
如果你在服务器进行测试,请替换成具体ip地址 。