流派分类通常不需要定制的损失函数.
可以将歌曲分为多个预测窗口的组合模型设置为Multiple Instance Learning(MIL).
MIL是一种有监督的学习方法,其中标签不是在每个独立样本(实例)上,而是在实例的“袋”(无序集合)上.
在您的情况下,实例是MFCC功能的每个5秒窗口,而包就是整首歌.
在Keras中,我们使用TimeDistributed层对所有窗口执行模型.
然后,我们使用GlobalAveragePooling1D有效地合并结果
跨窗口实施平均投票.这比多数投票更容易区分.
下面是一个可运行的示例:
import math
import keras
import librosa
import pandas
import numpy
import sklearn
def window_model(n_bands, n_frames, n_classes, hidden=32):
from keras.layers import Input, Dense, Flatten, Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
out_units = 1 if n_classes == 2 else n_classes
out_activation = 'sigmoid' if n_classes == 2 else 'softmax'
shape = (n_bands, n_frames, 1)
# Basic CNN model
# An MLP could also be used, but may need to reshape on input and output
model = keras.Sequential([
Conv2D(16, (3,3), input_shape=shape),
MaxPooling2D((2,3)),
Conv2D(16, (3,3)),
MaxPooling2D((2,2)),
Flatten(),
Dense(hidden, activation='relu'),
Dense(hidden, activation='relu'),
Dense(out_units, activation=out_activation),
])
return model
def song_model(n_bands, n_frames, n_windows, n_classes=3):
from keras.layers import Input, TimeDistributed, GlobalAveragePooling1D
# Create the frame-wise model, will be reused across all frames
base = window_model(n_bands, n_frames, n_classes)
# GlobalAveragePooling1D expects a 'channel' dimension at end
shape = (n_windows, n_bands, n_frames, 1)
print('Frame model')
base.summary()
model = keras.Sequential([
TimeDistributed(base, input_shape=shape),
GlobalAveragePooling1D(),
])
print('Song model')
model.summary()
model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='SGD', metrics=['acc'])
return model
def extract_features(path, sample_rate, n_bands, hop_length, n_frames, window_length, song_length):
# melspectrogram might perform better with CNNs
from librosa.feature import mfcc
# Load a fixed length section of sound
# Might need to pad if some songs are too short
y, sr = librosa.load(path, sr=sample_rate, offset=0, duration=song_length)
assert sr == sample_rate, sr
_song_length = len(y)/sample_rate
assert _song_length == song_length, _song_length
# Split into windows
window_samples = int(sample_rate * window_length)
window_hop = window_samples//2 # use 50% overlap
windows = librosa.util.frame(y, frame_length=window_samples, hop_length=window_hop)
# Calculate features for each window
features = []
for w in range(windows.shape[1]):
win = windows[:, w]
f = mfcc(y=win, sr=sample_rate, n_mfcc=n_bands,
hop_length=hop_length, n_fft=2*hop_length)
f = numpy.expand_dims(f, -1) # add channels dimension
features.append(f)
features = numpy.stack(features)
return features
def main():
# Settings for our model
n_bands = 13 # MFCCs
sample_rate = 22050
hop_length = 512
window_length = 5.0
song_length_max = 1.0*60
n_frames = math.ceil(window_length / (hop_length/sample_rate))
n_windows = math.floor(song_length_max / (window_length/2))-1
model = song_model(n_bands, n_frames, n_windows)
# Generate some example data
ex = librosa.util.example_audio_file()
examples = 8
numpy.random.seed(2)
songs = pandas.DataFrame({
'path': [ex] * examples,
'genre': numpy.random.choice([ 'rock', 'metal', 'blues' ], size=examples),
})
assert len(songs.genre.unique() == 3)
print('Song data')
print(songs)
def get_features(path):
f = extract_features(path, sample_rate, n_bands,
hop_length, n_frames, window_length, song_length_max)
return f
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelBinarizer
binarizer = LabelBinarizer()
y = binarizer.fit_transform(songs.genre.values)
print('y', y.shape, y)
features = numpy.stack([ get_features(p) for p in songs.path ])
print('features', features.shape)
model.fit(features, y)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
该示例输出内部和组合模型摘要:
Frame model
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
=================================================================
conv2d_1 (Conv2D) (None, 11, 214, 16) 160
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling2d_1 (MaxPooling2 (None, 5, 71, 16) 0
_________________________________________________________________
conv2d_2 (Conv2D) (None, 3, 69, 16) 2320
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling2d_2 (MaxPooling2 (None, 1, 34, 16) 0
_________________________________________________________________
flatten_1 (Flatten) (None, 544) 0
_________________________________________________________________
dense_1 (Dense) (None, 32) 17440
_________________________________________________________________
dense_2 (Dense) (None, 32) 1056
_________________________________________________________________
dense_3 (Dense) (None, 3) 99
=================================================================
Total params: 21,075
Trainable params: 21,075
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
Song model
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
=================================================================
time_distributed_1 (TimeDist (None, 23, 3) 21075
_________________________________________________________________
global_average_pooling1d_1 ( (None, 3) 0
=================================================================
Total params: 21,075
Trainable params: 21,075
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
并将特征向量的形状输入模型:
features (8, 23, 13, 216, 1)
8首歌曲,每个23个窗口,带有13个MFCC频段,每个窗口216帧.
第五维尺寸为1,使Keras开心…