C++易错程序测试

1、const成员函数以及返回引用

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class leslieyuan {
public:
    leslieyuan(std::string name, int age) : m_name(name),m_age(age) {}
    ~leslieyuan() {}
public:
    std::string& getName() const { return const_cast<std::string&>(m_name); }   //将成员变量的const属性去除后作为一个引用类型返回，就可以在外部修改成员变量
    int& getAge() const { return const_cast<int&>(m_age); }
private:
    std::string m_name;
    int m_age;
};

int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
    leslieyuan yuan("leslieyuan",26);
    std::string& name = yuan.getName();
    int& age = yuan.getAge();
    age = 18;
    name[0] = 'L';
    std::cout << yuan.getName()<< std::endl;
    std::cout << yuan.getAge() << std::endl;
}

2、c++浮点数比较和排序——踩坑

float a = 1;
float b = 2;
if (fabs(a - b) > FLT_EPSILON ) 
{
    //do sth
}

#include <iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
#define EPSILON 1e-6
using namespace std;
int n;
double num[105];
 
bool cmp(double a, double b) {
    //判断a、b到向上取整的数和向下取整的数的差，取最小的
	double x_a = a - (int)a;       //到向下取整的那个数的差
    double xx_a = abs(a - (int)a - 1); //到向上取整的差
    double s_a = min(x_a, xx_a);
	double x_b = b - (int)b;
    double xx_b = abs(b - (int)b - 1);
	double s_b = min(x_b, xx_b);
    
    if(fabs(s_a - s_b) < EPSILON){//差相等，按浮点数从小到大
        return a < b;
    }
    return s_a < s_b;
}
 
int main() {
	cin>>n;
    for(int i = 0; i <= n; i++){
        cin>>num[i];
    }
    sort(num, num + n, cmp);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        if(i < n - 1)
       		printf("%.6lf ", num[i]);
        else 
         	printf("%.6lf\n", num[i]);
    }
	return 0;
}