计算机概论05,计算机科学概论 课件Chap 05.pdf

计算机科学概论 课件Chap 05.pdf

Chapter 5: Algorithms

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Chapter 5: Algorithms 算法

• 5.1 The Concept of an Algorithm

• 5.2 Algorithm Representation

• 5.3 Algorithm Discovery

• 5.4 Iterative Structures

• 5.5 Recursive Structures

• 5.6 Efficiency and Correctness

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5.1 The Concept of an Algorithm

算法的概念

Definition of Algorithm 算法的定义

An algorithm is an ordered set of

unambiguous, executable steps

that defines a terminating process.

算法是定义一个可终止进程的一组有

序的、无歧义的、可执行的步骤的集

合

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• Algorithm算法vs.Program程序vs.Process进程

– algorithm ：an ordered set of unambiguous,

executable steps that defines a terminating

process.

–program ：a formal representation of an

algorithm designed for computer application

–process ：the activity of executing a program

鸡兔同笼问题。

大约在1500年前， 《孙子算经》中记载了这个有

趣的问题： “今有雉兔同笼，上有三十五头，

下有九十四足，问雉兔各几何？”

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5.3 Algorithm Discovery算法的发现

• The development of a program consists of

two activities：

– discovering the underlying algorithm (most

challenging)

– representing that algorithm as a program.

• Polya’s Problem Solving Steps

– 1. Understand the problem.

– 2. Devise a plan for solving the problem.

– 3. Carry out the plan.

– 4. Evaluate the solution for accuracy and its

potential as a tool for solving other problems.

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• The basic principles for problem-solving

1. Understand the problem.

2. Get an idea as to how an algorithmic procedure

might solve the problem.

3. Formulate the algorit