Linux - mysql安装

安装

1、下载安装包

官网下载后上传 或 使用wget 命令直接下载

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-test-8.0.24-linux-glibc2.12-i686.tar.xz

2、安装

2.1 MySQL依赖libaio库

[root@localhost tools]# yum install libaio

2.2 创建mysql用户
不需要登录的一个系统账号，启动MySQL服务时会使用该账号

[root@localhost mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

为什么创建mysql用户？

让MySQL运行的时候使用一个独立的账号
如果MySQL被黑了那么开始拿到的权限就是那个创建的账号而不是默认的root
我们在编译安装的时候创建一个mysql组和一个mysql用户,并把datadir和安装目录属主改为mysql
在MySQL启动的时候,单进程mysqld,该进程的属主就是mysql
这样就保证了mysql服务的独立性,即使mysql服务被黑掉,得到了mysql用户权限,也不会影响整个系统的安全

2.3 解压

[root@localhost tools]# tar -xvf /root/mysql//mysql-test-8.0.24-linux-glibc2.12-i686.tar.xz
[root@localhost tools]# mv mysql-8.0.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-8.0.24 #改一下文件夹名
[root@localhost tools]# mv mysql-8.0.24 /liux/dev  #移动到想要的安装位置

2.4 修改安装mysql目录为mysql用户 

[root@localhost dev]# cd /liux/dev/mysql-8.0.24
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.24]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./

2.5 mysql初始化操作 ****注意记录初始密码

[root@localhost mysql-8.0.24]# ./bin/mysqld  --initialize  --user=mysql  --basedir=/liux/dev/mysql-8.0.24  --datadir=/liux/dev//mysql-8.0.24/data

-------------------
./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
# 初始化报错，请执行以下命令，查看是否安装齐全
yum search libaio
yum install libaio
yum -y install numactl
yum install libnuma
yum install ld-linux.so.2
yum install libaio.so.1
yum install libnuma.so.1
yum install libstdc++.so.6
yum install libtinfo.so.5

2.6 启动服务

[root@localhost mysql-8.0.24]# cd support-files
[root@localhost support-files]# ./mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
.. SUCCESS! 

或者

[root@bogon /]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! 

*启动服务不成功 错误原因如下

处理方法：创建/etc/my.cnf文件，编辑/etc/my.cnf 文件，缺少basedir 和 datadir 两个路径，在 [mysqld]组添加上mysql安装目录路径即可

#vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

...........

basedir=/liux/mysql-8.0.24
datadir=/liux/mysql-8.0.24/data

以下是my.cnf全部内容：

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.  
  #  
  # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays  
  # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with  
  # other programs (such as a web server)  
  #  
  # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of  
  # locations which depend on the deployment platform.  
  # You can copy this option file to one of those  
  # locations. For information about these locations, see:  
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html  
  #  
  # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.  
  # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program  
  # with the "--help" option.  
  # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients  
  [client]
  default-character-set=utf8
  #password   = your_password  
  port        = 3306  
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock   
  # Here follows entries for some specific programs  
  # The MySQL server  
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
  port        = 3306  
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
  skip-external-locking  
  key_buffer_size = 16M  
  max_allowed_packet = 1M  
  table_open_cache = 64  
  sort_buffer_size = 512K  
  net_buffer_length = 8K  
  read_buffer_size = 256K  
  read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K  
  myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M  
  character-set-server=utf8  
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' 
  
  basedir=/liux/mysql-8.0.24
  datadir=/liux/mysql-8.0.24/data
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,  
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.  
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.  
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows  
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!  
#   
#skip-networking  
  # Replication Master Server (default)  
  # binary logging is required for replication  
  log-bin=mysql-bin  
    # binary logging format - mixed recommended  
    binlog_format=mixed  
      # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1  
      # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set  
      # but will not function as a master if omitted  
      server-id   = 1  
    # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)  
    #  
    # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between  
    # two methods :  
    #  
    # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -  
    #    the syntax is:  
    #  
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,  
    #    MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;  
    #  
    #    where you replace , , by quoted strings and  
    #     by the master's port number (3306 by default).  
    #  
    #    Example:  
    #  
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,  
    #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';  
    #  
    # OR  
    #  
    # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then  
    #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example  
    #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to  
    #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later  
    #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and  
    #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown  
    #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.  
    #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched  
    #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)  
    #  
    # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1  
    # (and different from the master)  
    # defaults to 2 if master-host is set  
    # but will not function as a slave if omitted  
    #server-id       = 2  
    #  
    # The replication master for this slave - required  
    #master-host     =    
    #  
    # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting  
    # to the master - required  
    #master-user     =    
    #  
    # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to  
    # the master - required  
    #master-password =    
    #  
    # The port the master is listening on.  
    # optional - defaults to 3306  
    #master-port     =    
    #  
    # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended  
    #log-bin=mysql-bin  
      # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  
      #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
      #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  
      #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
      # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %  
      # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high  
      #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  
      #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  
      # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  
      #innodb_log_file_size = 5M  
      #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  
      #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1  
      #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50  
 
        [mysqldump]  
        quick  
        max_allowed_packet = 16M  
 
          [mysql]  
          no-auto-rehash  
          # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  
          #safe-updates  
          default-character-set=utf8   
 
        [myisamchk]  
        key_buffer_size = 20M  
        sort_buffer_size = 20M  
        read_buffer = 2M  
        write_buffer = 2M  
 
          [mysqlhotcopy]  
          interactive-timeout

关闭服务

使用 service 启动：service mysql stop
使用 mysqld 脚本启动：/etc/init.d/mysql stop

2.7 配置mysql环境  编辑/etc/profile加入以下内容

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile

xport MYSQL_HOME=/liux/dev/mysql-8.0.24
export MYSQL_PATH=${MYSQL_HOME}/bin:${MYSQL_HOME}/lib
export PATH=$PATH:/liux/dev/mysql-8.0.24/bin

shutdown -r now 重启下服务器或者 source /etc/profile 均可使环境变量生效

2.8 系统配置

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server   /etc/init.d/mysql   //拷贝mysql.server 
chmod +x  /etc/init.d/mysql           //添加可执行权限。
chkconfig  --add mysql               // 注册启动服务
chkconfig  --list   //查看是否添加成功

2.9 mysql安装成功  修改初始密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:        //这里输入刚刚初始化操作时的初始密码

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '你的新密码';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
#设置允许远程登录
mysql> user mysql
mysql> update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;        //刷新生效

防火墙开关

# firewall防火墙
systemctl status firewalld
# 查看转态
firewall-cmd --state
# 开启
service firewalld start
# 重启
service firewalld restart
# 关闭
service firewalld stop
#注意分清楚linux的版本 命令会有所不同
#查看防火墙规则
firewall-cmd --list-all 

远程连接

远程连接时报错

或

原因：mysql8 之前的版本中加密规则是mysql_native_password,而在mysql8之后,加密规则是caching_sha2_password

解决办法

#更改加密方式
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified by '密码' password expire never;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#更新用户密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '密码';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

连接成功！

 删除mysql

1、检查mariadb，如无则跳过下面一条

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb

2、删除mariadb

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

3、检查mysql

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch
mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64

4、删除mysql

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps xxx