Java中怎么过的请求信息_Java-Request对象是用来回去请求信息，得到页面的请求...

1.Request

1.1 request对象和response对象的原理(了解)

request对象和response对象是由服务器创建的，我们来使用他们即可

request对象是用来回去请求信息，得到页面的请求，response对象是来设置响应消息，可以往页面传输写入数据

1.2 request对象继承体系结构(了解)

ServletRequest --接口

|继承

HttpServletRequest --接口

|实现

org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(Tomcat)

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet({"/d4","/dd4","/ddd4","/demo4"})

//@WebServlet("/user/demo4")

//@WebServlet("*.do")

//*是指通配符

public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

System.out.println("demo4.....");

System.out.println(req);

}

}

2.request获取请求消息

2.1 获取请求行数据

GET/day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1

方法：

获取请求方式：GET

String getMethod()

(*)获取虚拟目录：/day14

String getContextPath()

获取Servlet路径：/demo1

*String getServletPath()

获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan

String getQueryString()

(*)获取请求url：/day14/demo1

String getRequestURI() /day14/demo1

StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1

URI：统一资源定位符 /day14/demo1 游乐场

获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1

String getPortocol()

获取客户机的IP地址

String getRemoteAddr()

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* 演示request对象获取请求行数据

*/

@WebServlet("/requestDemo1")

public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

/**

1.获取请求方式：GET

* String getMethod()

2.(*)获取虚拟目录：/day14

* String getContextPath()

3.获取Servlet路径：/demo1

*String getServletPath()

4.获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan

* String getQueryString()

5.(*)获取请求url：/day14/demo1

* String getRequestURI() /day14/demo1l

* StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1

6.获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1

* String getPortocol()

7.获取客户机的IP地址

* String getRemoteAddr()

*/

//1.获取请求方式：GET

String method=request.getMethod();

System.out.println(method);

//2.(*)获取虚拟目录：/day14

String contextPath=request.getContextPath();

System.out.println(contextPath);

//3.获取Servlet路径：/demo1

String servletPath=request.getServletPath();

System.out.println(servletPath);

//4.获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan

String queryString =request.getQueryString();

System.out.println(queryString);

// 5.(*)获取请求url：/day14/demo1

String requestURI =request.getRequestURI();

StringBuffer requestURL=request.getRequestURL();

System.out.println(requestURI);

System.out.println(requestURL);

// 6.获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1

String protocol=request.getProtocol();

System.out.println(protocol);

// 7.获取客户机的IP地址

String remoteAddr=request.getRemoteAddr();

System.out.println(remoteAddr);

}

}

2.2 获取请求头数据

方法

(*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Enumeration;

@WebServlet("/RequestDemo2")

public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

//演示请求头数据

//1.获取所有请求头名称

Enumeration headerNames=request.getHeaderNames();

//2.遍历

while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){

String name=headerNames.nextElement();

//根据名称获取请求头的值

String value=request.getHeader(name);

System.out.println(name+"---"+value);

}

}

}

EnumerationgetHeaderName():获取所有的请求头名称

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/RequestDemo3")

public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// //演示请求头数据

// String agent=request.getHeader("user-agent");

// //判断agent的浏览器版本

// if(agent.contains("Chorme")){

// //谷歌

// System.out.println("谷歌来了.....");

// }else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){

// //火狐

// System.out.println("火狐来了.....");

// }

//演示请求头数据 referer

String referer = request.getHeader("referer");

System.out.println(referer);

//防盗链

if (referer != null) {

if (referer.contains("/04_Request_war_exploded")) {

//正常访问

// System.out.println("播放电影");

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

response.getWriter().write("播放电影....");

} else {

// 盗链

// System.out.println("想看电影么，来......");

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

response.getWriter().write("想看电影么，来......");

}

}

}

}

2.3 获取请求体数据

请求体：只有post请求方式，才有请求体，在请求体中封装了post请求的请求参数

步骤

获取流对象

BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流 只能操作字符数据

ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流 可以操作所有类型数据

再从流对象中拿数据

代码如下

-------------------------页面----------------------

Title

-------------------------java--------------------

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/RequestDemo5")

public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// 获取请求消息体--请求参数

// 1.获取字符流

BufferedReader br = request.getReader();

// 2.读取数据

String line = null;

while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {

System.out.println(line);

}

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

}

}

3.request其他功能

3.1 获取请求参数通用方式 不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数

String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123

String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game

EnumerationgetParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称

Map getParameterMap():获取所有参数的Map集合

中文乱码问题

get方式 Tomcat8 已经将get乱码方式问题解决了

post方式 会乱码

解决：在获取请求参数前，设置流的编码：request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

代码如下

-----------------------------index.jsp------------------------------

Title

游戏

学习

-------------------------------java---------------------------------

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Enumeration;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Set;

@WebServlet("/RequestDemo6")

public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// post 获取请求参数

// 根据参数名称获取参数值

String username = request.getParameter("username");

// System.out.println("post");

// System.out.println(username);

//根据参数名称获取参数值的数组

String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");

// for (String hobby : hobbies) {

// System.out.println(hobby);

// }

// 获取所有请求的参数值名称

Enumeration parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();

// while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {

// String name = parameterNames.nextElement();

// System.out.println(name);

// String value = request.getParameter(name);

// System.out.println(value);

// System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");

// }

// 获取所有参数的map集合

Map parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();

// 遍历

Set keyset = parameterMap.keySet();

for (String name : keyset) {

//获取键获取值

String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);

System.out.println(name);

for (String value : values) {

System.out.println(value);

}

System.out.println("---------------------------------------");

}

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// get 获取请求参数

// String username = request.getParameter("username");

// System.out.println("get");

// System.out.println(username);

this.doPost(request, response);

}

}

3.2 请求转发：一种在服务器内部资源跳转的方式

步骤

通过request对象获取请求转发器对象：RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatchar(String path)

使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发：forward(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)

例如： request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo9").forward(request, response);

特点：

浏览器地址栏路径没有发生变化

只能转发到服务器内部资源中

转发是一次请求

3.3 共享数据

域对象：一个有作用范围的对象，可以在范围内共享数据

request域：代表一次请求的范围，一般用于请求转发的多个资源共享中共享数据

方法

void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据

存储数据到request域中：request.setAttribute("msg", "hello");

Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值

获取数据：Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");

void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对

转发和共享代码如下

---------------------存储转发---------------------------

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/RequestDemo8")

public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

System.out.println("demo8888被访问了.....");

//存储数据到request域中

request.setAttribute("msg", "hello");

//转发到demo9资源

// RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo9");

// requestDispatcher.forward(request, response);

request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo9").forward(request, response);

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// get 获取请求参数

// String username = request.getParameter("username");

// System.out.println("get");

// System.out.println(username);

this.doPost(request, response);

}

}

---------------------提取显示---------------------------

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/RequestDemo9")

public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// 获取数据

Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");

System.out.println(msg);

System.out.println("demo9999被访问了.....");

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// get 获取请求参数

// String username = request.getParameter("username");

// System.out.println("get");

// System.out.println(username);

this.doPost(request, response);

}

}

案例

用户登录案例需求

编写login.html登录页面

username&password两个输入框

使用Druid数据库连接池技术，操作mysql,day14数据库中user表

使用jdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC

登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示：登录成功！用户名，欢迎您

登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示：登录失败，用户名或密码错误

分析

输入框内容用request的String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值

然后数据库里面的账号密码用集合包揽起来，之后比对与request中的数据，最后存储自己的用户昵称，然后转发到页面中

3.4 获取ServletContext

ServletContext getServletContext()

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/RequestDemo10")

public class RequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// 获取数据

ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();

System.out.println(servletContext);

System.out.println("demo1010被访问了.....");

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// get 获取请求参数

// String username = request.getParameter("username");

// System.out.println("get");

// System.out.println(username);

this.doPost(request, response);

}

}

概念：代表整个web应用，可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信

功能

获取MINE类型

MIME类型：在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型

格式 大类型/小类型 text/html image/jepg

获取：String getMimeType(String file)

域对象：共享数据

setAttribute(String name,Object value)

getAttribute(String name)

removeAttribute(String name)

ServletContext对象范围：所有用户所有请求的数据

获取文件的真实(服务器)路径

方法：String getRealPath(String path)

获取：

通过request对象获取

request.getServletContext()

通过HttpServlet获取

this.getServletContext();

4.BeanUtils工具类

要求：类必须被public修饰，必须提供空参的构造器，成员变量必须使用private修饰，提供公共setter和getter

功能：封装数据

概念：成员变量，属性：setter和getter方法截取后的产物 例如：getUsername()->Username->username

方法：

setProperty()

getProperty()

populate(Object obj,Map map):将map集合的键值对信息，封装到对应的JavaBean对象中

代码演示

Map map=req.getParameterMap()或者是一个map集合就可以

User user=new User()

BeanUtils.populate(user,map)//进行转换