So the other day I was stuck on a problem because of a typo. Instead of iterating through my nested loop with i += 1 I was using i=+1. I didn't notice this until I started printing the number of steps and saw it was printing step 1 continuously. The plots I was getting therefore weren't making any sense.
However what I don't understand is why I got any plots at all, and the code wasn't stuck in an infinite loop? Also, I should only have been calculating data after halfway through the number of steps, so I don't understand how I had any data at all. Or does i =+ 1 mean something else? I can't seem to find much information on i=+1 at all online
Here's a condensed version of the original code:
for temp in np.linspace(1.0,4.0,num=100):
energyarray = []
for step in np.arange(0, sw*2):
for i in range(n-1):
for j in range(n-1):
H_old = -J*matrix[i,j]*(matrix[i,j-1] + matrix[i,j+1] + matrix[i-1,j] + matrix[i+1,j])
H_new = J*matrix[i,j]*(matrix[i,j-1] + matrix[i,j+1] + matrix[i-1,j] + matrix[i+1,j])
del_H = H_old-H_new
if del_H >= 0:
matrix[i,j] = -matrix[i,j]
elif del_H < 0:
prob = np.exp((del_H)/(temp))
rand = random.random()
if rand < prob:
matrix[i,j] = -matrix[i,j]
else:
matrix[i,j] = matrix[i,j]
if step >= (sw):
Ene = EnergyCal(matrix)
energyarray.append(Ene)
step =+ 1
energy_sum = []
energy_sum = sum(energyarray)
plt.figure(10)
plt.plot(temp, energy_sum, 'ro')
plt.show()
解决方案
Python for-loops are iterator-based "for-each" loops. The iterating variable is reassigned at the beginning of each iteration. In other words, the following loop:
In [15]: nums = 1,2,5,8
In [16]: for num in nums:
...: print(num)
...:
1
2
5
8
Is equivalent to:
In [17]: it = iter(nums)
...: while True:
...: try:
...: num = next(it)
...: except StopIteration:
...: break
...: print(num)
...:
1
2
5
8
Similarly, the following loops are equivalent:
In [19]: for num in nums:
...: print("num:", num)
...: num += 1
...: print("num + 1:", num)
...:
...:
num: 1
num + 1: 2
num: 2
num + 1: 3
num: 5
num + 1: 6
num: 8
num + 1: 9
In [20]: it = iter(nums)
...: while True:
...: try:
...: num = next(it)
...: except StopIteration:
...: break
...: print("num:", num)
...: num += 1
...: print("num + 1:", num)
...:
num: 1
num + 1: 2
num: 2
num + 1: 3
num: 5
num + 1: 6
num: 8
num + 1: 9
Note, C-style for-loops don't exist in Python, but you can always write a while-loop (c-style for loops are essentially syntactic sugar for while-loops):
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
// do stuff
}
Is equivalent to:
i = 0
while i < n:
# do stuff
i += 1
Note, the difference is that in this case, iteration depends on i, anything in # do stuff that modifies i will impact iteration, whereas in the former case, iteration depends on the iterator. Note, if we do modify the iterator, then iteration is impacted:
In [25]: it = iter(nums) # give us an iterator
...: for num in it:
...: print(num)
...: junk = next(it) # modifying the iterator by taking next value
...:
...:
1
5
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