python切换目录_如何在Python中更改目录（cd）？

更改脚本进程的当前目录是微不足道的。我认为问题实际上是如何更改调用python脚本的命令窗口的当前目录，这是非常困难的。 Windows中的Bat脚本或Bash shell中的Bash脚本可以使用普通的cd命令执行此操作，因为shell本身就是解释器。在Windows和Linux中，Python是一个程序，没有程序可以直接改变其父级环境。但是，简单的shell脚本与执行大多数硬件的Python脚本的组合可以实现所需的结果。例如，为了生成带有遍历/转发/选择重访的遍历历史的扩展cd命令，我编写了一个由简单的bat脚本调用的相对复杂的Python脚本。遍历列表存储在文件中，目标目录位于第一行。当python脚本返回时，bat脚本读取文件的第一行并使其成为cd的参数。完整的bat脚本（减去评论简洁）是：

if _%1 == _. goto cdDone

if _%1 == _? goto help

if /i _%1 NEQ _-H goto doCd

:help

echo d.bat and dSup.py 2016.03.05. Extended chdir.

echo -C = clear traversal list.

echo -B or nothing = backward (to previous dir).

echo -F or - = forward (to next dir).

echo -R = remove current from list and return to previous.

echo -S = select from list.

echo -H, -h, ? = help.

echo . = make window title current directory.

echo Anything else = target directory.

goto done

:doCd

%~dp0dSup.py %1

for /F %%d in ( %~dp0dSupList ) do (

cd %%d

if errorlevel 1 ( %~dp0dSup.py -R )

goto cdDone

)

:cdDone

title %CD%

:done

python脚本dSup.py是：

import sys, os, msvcrt

def indexNoCase ( slist, s ) :

for idx in range( len( slist )) :

if slist[idx].upper() == s.upper() :

return idx

raise ValueError

# .........main process ...................

if len( sys.argv ) < 2 :

cmd = 1 # No argument defaults to -B, the most common operation

elif sys.argv[1][0] == '-':

if len(sys.argv[1]) == 1 :

cmd = 2 # '-' alone defaults to -F, second most common operation.

else :

cmd = 'CBFRS'.find( sys.argv[1][1:2].upper())

else :

cmd = -1

dir = os.path.abspath( sys.argv[1] ) + '\n'

# cmd is -1 = path, 0 = C, 1 = B, 2 = F, 3 = R, 4 = S

fo = open( os.path.dirname( sys.argv[0] ) + '\\dSupList', mode = 'a+t' )

fo.seek( 0 )

dlist = fo.readlines( -1 )

if len( dlist ) == 0 :

dlist.append( os.getcwd() + '\n' ) # Prime new directory list with current.

if cmd == 1 : # B: move backward, i.e. to previous

target = dlist.pop(0)

dlist.append( target )

elif cmd == 2 : # F: move forward, i.e. to next

target = dlist.pop( len( dlist ) - 1 )

dlist.insert( 0, target )

elif cmd == 3 : # R: remove current from list. This forces cd to previous, a

# desireable side-effect

dlist.pop( 0 )

elif cmd == 4 : # S: select from list

# The current directory (dlist[0]) is included essentially as ESC.

for idx in range( len( dlist )) :

print( '(' + str( idx ) + ')', dlist[ idx ][:-1])

while True :

inp = msvcrt.getche()

if inp.isdigit() :

inp = int( inp )

if inp < len( dlist ) :

print( '' ) # Print the newline we didn't get from getche.

break

print( ' is out of range' )

# Select 0 means the current directory and the list is not changed. Otherwise

# the selected directory is moved to the top of the list. This can be done by

# either rotating the whole list until the selection is at the head or pop it

# and insert it to 0. It isn't obvious which would be better for the user but

# since pop-insert is simpler, it is used.

if inp > 0 :

dlist.insert( 0, dlist.pop( inp ))

elif cmd == -1 : # -1: dir is the requested new directory.

# If it is already in the list then remove it before inserting it at the head.

# This takes care of both the common case of it having been recently visited

# and the less common case of user mistakenly requesting current, in which

# case it is already at the head. Deleting and putting it back is a trivial

# inefficiency.

try:

dlist.pop( indexNoCase( dlist, dir ))

except ValueError :

pass

dlist = dlist[:9] # Control list length by removing older dirs (should be

# no more than one).

dlist.insert( 0, dir )

fo.truncate( 0 )

if cmd != 0 : # C: clear the list

fo.writelines( dlist )

fo.close()

exit(0)