python决策树id3算法_基于Python实现的ID3决策树功能示例

本文实例讲述了基于Python实现的ID3决策树功能。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

ID3算法是决策树的一种，它是基于奥卡姆剃刀原理的，即用尽量用较少的东西做更多的事。ID3算法，即Iterative Dichotomiser 3，迭代二叉树3代，是Ross Quinlan发明的一种决策树算法，这个算法的基础就是上面提到的奥卡姆剃刀原理，越是小型的决策树越优于大的决策树，尽管如此，也不总是生成最小的树型结构，而是一个启发式算法。

如下示例是一个判断海洋生物数据是否是鱼类而构建的基于ID3思想的决策树

# coding=utf-8

import operator

from math import log

import time

def createDataSet():

dataSet = [[1, 1, 'yes'],

[1, 1, 'yes'],

[1, 0, 'no'],

[0, 1, 'no'],

[0, 1, 'no'],

[0,0,'maybe']]

labels = ['no surfaceing', 'flippers']

return dataSet, labels

# 计算香农熵

def calcShannonEnt(dataSet):

numEntries = len(dataSet)

labelCounts = {}

for feaVec in dataSet:

currentLabel = feaVec[-1]

if currentLabel not in labelCounts:

labelCounts[currentLabel] = 0

labelCounts[currentLabel] += 1

shannonEnt = 0.0

for key in labelCounts:

prob = float(labelCounts[key]) / numEntries

shannonEnt -= prob * log(prob, 2)

return shannonEnt

def splitDataSet(dataSet, axis, value):

retDataSet = []

for featVec in dataSet:

if featVec[axis] == value:

reducedFeatVec = featVec[:axis]

reducedFeatVec.extend(featVec[axis + 1:])

retDataSet.append(reducedFeatVec)

return retDataSet

def chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet):

numFeatures = len(dataSet[0]) - 1 # 因为数据集的最后一项是标签

baseEntropy = calcShannonEnt(dataSet)

bestInfoGain = 0.0

bestFeature = -1

for i in range(numFeatures):

featList = [example[i] for example in dataSet]

uniqueVals = set(featList)

newEntropy = 0.0

for value in uniqueVals:

subDataSet = splitDataSet(dataSet, i, value)

prob = len(subDataSet) / float(len(dataSet))

newEntropy += prob * calcShannonEnt(subDataSet)

infoGain = baseEntropy - newEntropy

if infoGain > bestInfoGain:

bestInfoGain = infoGain

bestFeature = i

return bestFeature

# 因为我们递归构建决策树是根据属性的消耗进行计算的，所以可能会存在最后属性用完了，但是分类

# 还是没有算完，这时候就会采用多数表决的方式计算节点分类

def majorityCnt(classList):

classCount = {}

for vote in classList:

if vote not in classCount.keys():

classCount[vote] = 0

classCount[vote] += 1

return max(classCount)

def createTree(dataSet, labels):

classList = [example[-1] for example in dataSet]

if classList.count(classList[0]) == len(classList): # 类别相同则停止划分

return classList[0]

if len(dataSet[0]) == 1: # 所有特征已经用完

return majorityCnt(classList)

bestFeat = chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet)

bestFeatLabel = labels[bestFeat]

myTree = {bestFeatLabel: {}}

del (labels[bestFeat])

featValues = [example[bestFeat] for example in dataSet]

uniqueVals = set(featValues)

for value in uniqueVals:

subLabels = labels[:] # 为了不改变原始列表的内容复制了一下

myTree[bestFeatLabel][value] = createTree(splitDataSet(dataSet,

bestFeat, value), subLabels)

return myTree

def main():

data, label = createDataSet()

t1 = time.clock()

myTree = createTree(data, label)

t2 = time.clock()

print myTree

print 'execute for ', t2 - t1

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

运行结果如下：

{'no surfaceing': {0: {'flippers': {0: 'maybe', 1: 'no'}}, 1: {'flippers': {0: 'no', 1: 'yes'}}}}

execute for 0.0103958394532

最后我们测试一下这个脚本即可，如果想把这个生成的决策树用图像画出来，也只是在需要在脚本里面定义一个plottree的函数即可。

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本文标题: 基于Python实现的ID3决策树功能示例

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