android permission denial starting intent,adb shell 启动应用时的权限问题

使用 adb shell am start com.njzx.care/com.njzx.care.activity.MainActivity 启动某应用，报错权限问题。

Starting: Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.L

AUNCHER] cmp=com.njzx.care/.activity.MainActivity }

Security exception: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.intent.acti

on.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.njzx.care/

.activity.MainActivity } from null (pid=16408, uid=2000) not exported from uid 1

1148

java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.in

tent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.n

jzx.care/.activity.MainActivity } from null (pid=16408, uid=2000) not exported f

rom uid 11148

at com.android.server.am.ActivityStackSupervisor.checkStartAnyActivityPe

rmission(ActivityStackSupervisor.java:1877)

at com.android.server.am.ActivityStarter.startActivity(ActivityStarter.j

ava:607)

at com.android.server.am.ActivityStarter.startActivityLocked(ActivitySta

rter.java:366)

at com.android.server.am.HwActivityStarter.startActivityLocked(HwActivit

yStarter.java:227)

at com.android.server.am.ActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(ActivitySt

arter.java:1155)

at com.android.server.am.HwActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(HwActivi

tyStarter.java:372)

at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.startActivityAsUser(Acti

vityManagerService.java:5036)

at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.runStartActivity(Ac

tivityManagerShellCommand.java:410)

at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.onCommand(ActivityM

anagerShellCommand.java:141)

at android.os.ShellCommand.exec(ShellCommand.java:96)

at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onShellCommand(ActivityM

anagerService.java:16140)

at android.os.Binder.shellCommand(Binder.java:574)

at android.os.Binder.onTransact(Binder.java:474)

at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact(IActivityManager.java:42

64)

at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onTransact(ActivityManag

erService.java:3285)

at com.android.server.am.HwActivityManagerService.onTransact(HwActivityM

anagerService.java:837)

at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:675)

网上解决方案说把 androidmanifest.xml 中添加：android:exported="true"

然而并没有什么用。