python数据描述符作用_python数据和非数据描述符

覆盖适用于属于类 __dict__的描述符。

Python将始终查找type(instance).__dict__[attributename].__get__(instance, type(instance))，并且不使用instance.__dict__来搜索实例覆盖。

以下是使用人工Descriptor类和属性(包含__get__和__set__的描述符的示例：

>>> class Descriptor(object):

... def __init__(self, name):

... self.name = name

... def __get__(self, instance, cls):

... print 'Getting %s, with instance %r, class %r' % (self.name, instance, cls)

...

>>> class Foo(object):

... _spam = 'eggs'

... @property

... def spam(self):

... return self._spam

... @spam.setter

... def spam(self, val):

... self._spam = val

...

>>> Foo().spam

'eggs'

>>> foo = Foo()

>>> foo.__dict__['spam'] = Descriptor('Override')

>>> foo.spam

'eggs'

正如您所看到的，即使我在实例spam中添加了__dict__条目，它也会被完全忽略，并且仍会使用Foo.spam属性。 Python忽略了实例__dict__，因为spam属性定义了__get__和__set__。

如果您使用未定义__set__的描述符，则覆盖有效(但__get__未被调用：

>>> class Foo(object):

... desc = Descriptor('Class-stored descriptor')

...

>>> Foo.desc

Getting Class-stored descriptor, with instance None, class

>>> Foo().desc

Getting Class-stored descriptor, with instance <__main__.foo object at>, class

>>> foo = Foo()

>>> foo.__dict__['desc'] = Descriptor('Instance-stored descriptor')

>>> foo.desc