python常用的装饰器有哪些_Python 常用装饰器

运行时间统计,统计项相对简单

def timefn(fn):

@wraps(fn)

def count_time(*args, **kwargs):

st = time.time()

res = fn(*args, **kwargs)

ed = time.time()

print "@time: {0} tasks {1} secs".format(fn.func_name, str(ed-st))

return res

return count_time

错误重试或者是超时重试类似的

import time

from functools import wraps

def retry(ExceptionToCheck, tries=4, delay=3, backoff=2, logger=None):

def deco_retry(f):

@wraps(f)

def f_retry(*args, **kwargs):

mtries, mdelay = tries, delay

while mtries > 1:

try:

return f(*args, **kwargs)

except ExceptionToCheck, e:

msg = "%s, Retrying in %d seconds..." % (str(e), mdelay)

if logger:

logger.warning(msg)

else:

print msg

time.sleep(mdelay)

mtries -= 1

mdelay *= backoff

return f(*args, **kwargs)

return f_retry # true decorator

return deco_retry

装饰器带有默认参数

from functools import wraps

def trace(trace_arguments = False) :

def decorator(func) :

@wraps(func)

def wrapper(*args, **kwargs) :

if trace_arguments :

print("Entering {} with arguments {} {}".format(

func.__name__, args, kwargs))

else :

print("Entering {}".format(func.__name__))

ret = func(*args, **kwargs)

if trace_arguments :

print("Leaving {} with result {}".format(func.__name__, ret))

else :

print("Leaving {}".format(func.__name__))

return ret

return wrapper

return decorator

# using a global for brevity

function_calls = 0

def track(func) :

@wraps(func)

def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):

global function_calls

function_calls = function_calls + 1

return func(*args, **kwargs)

return wrapper

@track

@trace(True)

def add(a, b) :

return a + b

print("Function calls so far {}".format(function_calls))

print("3 + 5 = {}".format(add(3,5)))

print("2 + 7 = {}".format(add(2,7)))

print("Function calls so far {}".format(function_calls))

另一个种方式

from functools import partial

def _pseudo_decor(fun, argument):

def ret_fun(*args, **kwargs):

#do stuff here, for eg.

print "decorator arg is %s" % str(argument)

return fun(*args, **kwargs)

return ret_fun

real_decorator = partial(_pseudo_decor, argument=arg)

@real_decorator

def foo(*args, **kwargs):

pass

装饰器自动注入参数，类似django views中的自动注入request

# 通过参数传参数，也可以通过修改 function 的参数字典

def decorate(function):

def wrap_function(*args, **kwargs):

kwargs['str'] = 'Hello!'

return function(*args, **kwargs)

return wrap_function

@decorate

def print_message(*args, **kwargs):

print(kwargs['str'])

# 通过修改function的参数列表

def decorate(function):

def wrap_function(*args, **kwargs):

str = 'Hello!'

return function(str, *args, **kwargs)

return wrap_function

@decorate

def print_message(str, *args, **kwargs):

print(str)

# 给类添加

def decorate(function):

def wrap_function(*args, **kwargs):

str = 'Hello!'

args.insert(1, str)

return function(*args, **kwargs)

return wrap_function

class Printer:

@decorate

def print_message(self, str, *args, **kwargs):

print(str)