python控制程序启动时间和次数_Python学习笔记（十三）——保持时间、计划任务和启动程序以及多线程...

time模块

time.time()函数

>>>import time

>>>time.time()

1518508607.2039714

计算程序的运行时间

import time

def func():

p = 1

for i in range(1,100000):

p = p * i

return p

startTime = time.time()

result = func()

endTime = time.time()

print('The result is %s digit long.'%(len(str(result))))

print('运行时间为%s秒'%(endTime - startTime))

time.sleep()

time.sleep(1)

数字四舍五入

>>> import time

>>> now = time.time()

>>> now

1518509648.6278894

>>> round(now)

1518509649

>>> round(now,2)

1518509648.63

>>> round(now,4)

1518509648.6279

小实验——超级秒表

#! python3

#stopwatch.py -

#Usage:

#

#Author : qmeng

#MailTo : qmeng1128@163.com

#QQ : 1163306125

#Blog : http://blog..net/Mq_Go/

#Create : 2018-02-13 16:18:46

#Version: 1.0

#

import time

print('Press ENTER to begin.Afterwards,\npress ENTER to "click" the stopwatch \nPress Ctrl+C to quit.')

input()

print('Started...')

startTime = time.time()

lastTime = startTime

lapNum = 1;

#记录并打印单圈时间

try:

while True:

input()

temp = time.time()

lapTime = round(temp-lastTime,2)

lastTime = temp

totalTime = round(time.time()-startTime,2)

print('第 %s 圈，用时 %s 秒，总用时 %s 秒'%(lapNum,lapTime,totalTime))

lapNum += 1

except KeyboardInterrupt:

print('\nDone')

datetime模块

>>> import datetime

>>> datetime.datetime.now()

datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 13, 16, 46, 43, 329479)

>>> dt = datetime.datetime(2015,10,21,16,29,0)

>>> dt

datetime.datetime(2015, 10, 21, 16, 29)

>>> dt.year,dt.month

(2015, 10)

>>> dt.minute

29

>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1000000)

datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 12, 21, 46, 40)

>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())

datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 13, 16, 50, 38, 529726)

timedelta数据类型

>>>delta = datetime.timedelta(days = 11,hours = 10 ,minutes = 9,seconds=8)

>>>delta.days

11

>>>delta.seconds

36548

>>>delta.hours

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

delta.hours

AttributeError: 'datetime.timedelta' object has no attribute 'hours'

>>>delta.microseconds

0

delta = datetime.timedelta() 接受的关键字为，weeks,days,hours,minutes,seconds,milliseconds,microseconds

这些数字保存在days,seconds、microseconds

>>> dt = datetime.datetime.now()

>>> dt

datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 13, 17, 5, 54, 408274)

>>> thousandDays = datetime.timedelta(days=1000)

>>> dt+thousandDays

datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 9, 17, 5, 54, 408274)

>>>sTime = datetime.datetime(2018,2,13,17,9,0)

>>>ThirtyYears = datetime.timedelta(days=365*30)

>>>sTime - ThirtyYears

datetime.datetime(1988, 2, 21, 17, 9)

>>>sTime - (2*ThirtyYears)

datetime.datetime(1958, 2, 28, 17, 9)

暂停至特定时间

>>>import datetime

>>>import time

>>>hello2018 = datetime.datetime(2018,2,15,0,0,0)

>>>while datetime.datetime.now() < hello2018:

time.sleep(1)

将datetime对象转换为字符串

strftime指令

含义

%Y

四位数的年份

%y

两位是的年份

%m

数字表示的月份，01-12

%B

完整的月份，例如’November’

%b

简写的月份，例如‘Nov’

%d

一月中的第几天，01-31

%j

一年中的第几天，001-366

%w

一周中的第几天，0(周日)-6(周六)

%A

完整的周几，例如‘Monday’

%a

缩写的周几，eg：Mon

%H

小时(00-23)hopur

%h

小时(00-12)hour

%M

分(00-59)minutes

%S

秒(00-59)second

%p

‘AM’或者‘PM’

%%

就是‘%’字符

>>>oct = datetime.datetime.now()

>>>oct.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %p %I:%M:%S')

'2018/02/13 PM 08:30:19'

>>>oct.strftime('%B of %y')

'February of 18'

>>>oct.strftime('%j/365 %d/%m %w/week')

'044/365 13/02 2/week'

将字符串转换成datetime对象

>>>oct.strftime('%B %d %Y')

'February 13 2018'

>>>datetime.datetime.strptime('February 13 2018','%B %d %Y')

datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 13, 0, 0)

多线程

import threading,time

print('Start of program.')

def takeANap():

time.sleep(5)

print('Wake up!')

threadObj = threading.Thread(target=takeANap)

threadObj.start()

print('End of program.')

向线程的目标函数传递参数

如果要向新线程中的函数传递参数，就需要使用threading.Thread() 函数的args 和 kwargs 关键字参数

>>>import threading

>>>threadObj = threading.Thread(target=print,args=['Cat','Dogs','Frogs'],kwargs={'sep':'&'})

>>>threadObj.start()

Cat&

>>>Dogs&Frogs

并发问题

小实验——多线程下载XKCD

#! python3

# mulitdownloadXkcd.py -

# Usage:

#

# Author : qmeng

# MailTo : qmeng1128@163.com

# QQ : 1163306125

# Blog : http://blog..net/Mq_Go/

# Create : 2018-02-13 21:31:39

# Version: 1.0

#

import requests,os,bs4,threading

os.makedirs('XKCD',exist_ok=True)

def downloadXkcd(startComic,endComic):

#Download rhe page

for urlNumber in range(startComic,endComic):

print('Downloading page http://xkcd.com/%s...\n'%(urlNumber))

res = requests.get('http://xkcd.com/%s'%(urlNumber))

try:

res.raise_for_status()

except requests.exceptions.HTTPError:

print('Not Found for url: https://xkcd.com/0')

continue

soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text,"html.parser")

#find the url od the comic image

comicElem = soup.select('#comic img')

if comicElem == []:

print('Could not find comic image '+ urlNumber +'...\n')

else:

comicUrl = comicElem[0].get('src')

comicUrl = 'http:'+ comicUrl

print('Downloading image %s...'%(comicUrl))

res = requests.get(comicUrl)

res.raise_for_status()

imageFile = open(os.path.join('XKCD',os.path.basename(comicUrl)),'wb')

for chunk in res.iter_content(100000):

imageFile.write(chunk)

imageFile.close()

#创建并启动线程

downloadThreads = [] #a list of all the Thread objects

for i in range(0,1400,100):

downloadThread = threading.Thread(target=downloadXkcd,args=(i,i+3))

downloadThreads.append(downloadThread)

downloadThread.start()

#等待所有的线程结束

for downloadThread in downloadThreads:

downloadThread.join()

print('Done...')

从Python启动其他程序

打开计算器

>>>import subprocess

>>>subprocess.Popen('C:\\windows\\System32\\calc.exe')

>>>import subprocess

>>>subprocess.Popen('C:\\windows\\System32\\calc.exe')

>>>

>>>re = subprocess.Popen('C:\\windows\\System32\\calc.exe')

>>>re.poll() == None

True

>>>re.poll()

0

>>>re.wait()

0

向Popen()传递命令行参数

>>>subprocess.Popen([r'D:\install\Sublime Text 3\sublime_text.exe',r'D:\python\abcdef.py'])

用默认程序打开

>>>subprocess.Popen(['start','D:\\python\\dictionary.txt'],shell=True)

小实验——简单的倒计时程序