opencv-python_OpenCV Python

安装

pip install opencv-python

读取并显示图像

import cv2

img = cv2.imread("E:/ner/target.jpg")

#创建一个窗口

cv2.namedWindow("Image")

#在窗口中显示图像

cv2.imshow("Image", img)

#如果不添waitKey ，在IDLE中执行窗口直接无响应。在命令行中执行的话，则是一闪而过

cv2.waitKey (0)

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

灰度处理

方法一

img = cv2.imread("E:/ner/target.jpg")

img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

方法二

img_gray = cv2.imread("E:/ner/target.jpg", 0)

图片尺寸

w, h = template.shape[::-1]

模板匹配函数

cv2.matchTemplate(image, templ, method, result=None, mask=None)

image：待搜索图像

templ：模板图像

result：匹配结果

参数method:指定匹配方法,有如下几种:

CV_TM_SQDIFF:平方差匹配法

CV_TM_SQDIFF_NORMED:归一化平方差匹配法

CV_TM_CCORR:相关匹配法

CV_TM_CCORR_NORMED:归一化相关匹配法

CV_TM_CCOEFF:系数匹配法

CV_TM_CCOEFF_NORMED:化相关系数匹配法

获取缺口位置

方法一

import cv2

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread("E:/ner/target.jpg")

#灰度处理

img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

template = cv2.imread("E:/ner/template.png", 0)

print(template.shape)

w, h = template.shape[::-1]

print(w, h)

res = cv2.matchTemplate(img_gray, template, cv2.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED)

# 使用二分法查找阈值的精确值

run = 1

L = 0

R = 1

while run < 20:

run += 1

threshold = (R + L) / 2

print(threshold)

if threshold < 0:

print('Error')

loc = np.where(res >= threshold)

print(len(loc[1]))

if len(loc[1]) > 1:

L += (R - L) / 2

elif len(loc[1]) == 1:

print('目标区域起点x坐标为：%d' % loc[1][0])

break

elif len(loc[1]) < 1:

R -= (R - L) / 2

方法二

cv2.minMaxLoc()函数

函数功能：假设有一个矩阵a,现在需要求这个矩阵的最小值，最大值，并得到最大值，最小值的索引。咋一看感觉很复杂，但使用这个cv2.minMaxLoc()函数就可全部解决。函数返回的四个值就是上述所要得到的。

具体看个例子:

import numpy as np

import cv2

a=np.array([[2,3,4,5],[5,67,8,9],[1,3,4,5]])

print(a)

min_val,max_val,min_indx,max_indx=cv2.minMaxLoc(a)

print(min_val,max_val,min_indx,max_indx)

结果为：

[[ 2 3 4 5]

[ 5 67 8 9]

[ 1 3 4 5]]

1.0 67.0 (0, 2) (1, 1)

这个矩阵a的最小值为1.0，索引为(0，2)，最大值为67.0索引为(1，1)

import cv2

img = cv2.imread("E:/ner/target.jpg")

#灰度处理

img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

template = cv2.imread("E:/ner/template.png", 0)

print(template.shape)

w, h = template.shape[::-1]

print(w, h)

res = cv2.matchTemplate(img_gray, template, cv2.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED)

n_val, max_val, min_loc, max_loc = cv2.minMaxLoc(res)

top_left = max_loc[0]

print('偏移像素',top_left)

cv2.matchTemplate中各method方法检测

import cv2

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

img = cv2.imread("E:/ner/target.jpg")

#灰度处理

img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

template = cv2.imread("E:/ner/template.png", 0)

print(template.shape)

w, h = template.shape[::-1]

print(w, h)

# methods = ['cv2.TM_CCOEFF', 'cv2.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED', 'cv2.TM_CCORR',

# 'cv2.TM_CCORR_NORMED', 'cv2.TM_SQDIFF', 'cv2.TM_SQDIFF_NORMED']

meth = 'cv2.TM_SQDIFF'

method = eval(meth)

res = cv2.matchTemplate(img_gray, template, method)

min_val, max_val, min_loc, max_loc = cv2.minMaxLoc(res)

print('min_val',min_val)

print('max_val',max_val)

print('min_loc',min_loc)

print('max_loc',max_loc)

# 方法判断

if method in [cv2.TM_SQDIFF, cv2.TM_SQDIFF_NORMED]:

top_left = min_loc

else:

top_left = max_loc

print('偏移像素',top_left[0])

bottom_right = (top_left[0] + w, top_left[1] + h)

cv2.rectangle(img, top_left, bottom_right, 255, 2)

plt.subplot(121), plt.imshow(res, cmap='gray')

plt.title('Matching Result'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

plt.subplot(122), plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')

plt.title('Detected Point'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

plt.suptitle('method: ' + meth)

plt.show()