python画版图_Python之列表基础

定义列表

python中用中括号[]表示列表，列表元素用逗号(,)隔开

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']

>>> print(cells)

['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC']

定义一个空的列表

>>> cells = []

>>> print(cells)

[]

索引介绍及访问列表元素

python列表中，索引是从0开始的，而不是1，所以第一个元素索引为0。

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']

>>> print(cells[0])

cellA

>>> print(cells[1])

cellB

>>> print(cells[2])

cellC

>>> print(cells[-1]) #指定索引[-1]可以让python返回列表最后一个元素。

cellC

>>> print(cells[-2]) #指定索引[-2]可以让python返回列表倒数第二个元素。

cellB

修改列表元素

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']

>>> print(cells)

['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC']

>>> cells[0] = 'blockA'

>>> print(cells)

['blockA', 'cellB', 'cellC']

添加元素到列表”append”

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']

>>> cells.append('cellD')

>>> print(cells)

['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']

列表中插入元素”insert”

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']

>>> cells.insert(0,'cellX')

>>> print(cells)

['cellX', 'cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC']

删除列表中的元素”del”

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']

>>> del cells[0]

>>> print(cells)

['cellB', 'cellC']

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']

>>> del cells[-1]

>>> print(cells)

['cellA', 'cellB']

弹出列表中指定元素“pop()”

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']

>>> second_cell = cells.pop(1)

>>> print('The second cell is '+ second_cell + '.')

The second cell is cellB.

>>> print(cells)

['cellA', 'cellC'] #索引[1]被弹出后已自动从列表中删除

根据索引值删除列表中元素“remove()”

>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC','cellA']

>>> cells.remove('cellA')

>>> print(cells)

['cellB', 'cellC', 'cellA'] #revome只会删除第一个指定的值

永久性排序列表“sort()”

>>> cells = ['cellB','cellD','cellC','cellA']

>>> cells.sort()

>>> print(cells)

['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']

sort(reverse=True)可以反向排序

>>> cells = ['cellB','cellD','cellC','cellC']

>>> cells.sort(reverse=True)

>>> print(cells)

['cellD', 'cellC', 'cellC', 'cellB']

临时性排序列表”sorted()”

sorted不会永久改变列表顺序，只是临时的

>>> cells = ['cellB','cellD','cellC','cellA']

>>> print('original list is:');print(cells)

original list is:

['cellB', 'cellD', 'cellC', 'cellA']

>>> print('sorted list is:');print(sorted(cells))

sorted list is:

['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']

>>> print('original list is:');print(cells)

original list is:

['cellB', 'cellD', 'cellC', 'cellA']

反转列表”reverse”

>>> cells =['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']

>>> print(cells)

['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']

>>> cells.reverse()

>>> print(cells)

['cellD', 'cellC', 'cellB', 'cellA']

获取列表长度”len”

>>> cells =['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']

>>> len(cells)

4