php 正则表达式 递归,递归PHP正则表达式

优秀(和困难)的问题！

首先，使用PCRE正则表达式引擎，(？R)的行为就像一个原子组(不像Perl？)。一旦匹配(或不匹配)，递归调用中发生的匹配是最终的(并且所有在递归调用中保存的回溯导航痕迹都将被丢弃)。然而，正则表达式引擎确实保存了整个(？R)表达式匹配的内容，并且可以将其重新设计，并尝试使用其他替代方案来实现整体匹配。为了描述发生的情况，让我们稍微改变一下你的例子，以便在每个步骤中更容易谈论和跟踪什么是匹配的。而不是：aaaa作为主题文本，可以使用：abcd。并且让我们将正则表达式从’#a(？:(？R)| a？)a#’更改为：’#。(？:(？R)|。？)。正则表达式引擎匹配行为是一样的。

匹配正则表达式：/.(?:(?R)|.?)./至：“abcd”

answer = r'''

Step Depth Regex Subject Comment

1 0 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Dot matches "a". Advance pointers.

^ ^

2 0 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Try 1st alt. Recursive call (to depth 1).

^ ^

3 1 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Dot matches "b". Advance pointers.

^ ^

4 1 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Try 1st alt. Recursive call (to depth 2).

^ ^

5 2 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Dot matches "c". Advance pointers.

^ ^

6 2 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Try 1st alt. Recursive call (to depth 3).

^ ^

7 3 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Dot matches "d". Advance pointers.

^ ^

8 3 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Try 1st alt. Recursive call (to depth 4).

^ ^

9 4 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Dot fails to match end of string.

^ ^ DEPTH 4 (?R) FAILS. Return to step 8 depth 3.

Give back text consumed by depth 4 (?R) = ""

10 3 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Try 2nd alt. Optional dot matches EOS.

^ ^ Advance regex pointer.

11 3 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Required dot fails to match end of string.

^ ^ DEPTH 3 (?R) FAILS. Return to step 6 depth 2

Give back text consumed by depth3 (?R) = "d"

12 2 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Try 2nd alt. Optional dot matches "d".

^ ^ Advance pointers.

13 2 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Required dot fails to match end of string.

^ ^ Backtrack to step 12 depth 2

14 2 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Match zero "d" (give it back).

^ ^ Advance regex pointer.

15 2 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Dot matches "d". Advance pointers.

^ ^ DEPTH 2 (?R) SUCCEEDS.

Return to step 4 depth 1

16 1 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Required dot fails to match end of string.

^ ^ Backtrack to try other alternative. Give back

text consumed by depth 2 (?R) = "cd"

17 1 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Optional dot matches "c". Advance pointers.

^ ^

18 1 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Required dot matches "d". Advance pointers.

^ ^ DEPTH 1 (?R) SUCCEEDS.

Return to step 2 depth 0

19 0 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Required dot fails to match end of string.

^ ^ Backtrack to try other alternative. Give back

text consumed by depth 1 (?R) = "bcd"

20 0 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Try 2nd alt. Optional dot matches "b".

^ ^ Advance pointers.

21 0 .(?:(?R)|.?). abcd Dot matches "c". Advance pointers.

^ ^ SUCCESSFUL MATCH of "abc"

'''

正则表达式引擎没有错。正确的匹配是abc(或原始问题的aaa)。对于另一个较长的结果字符串，可以做出类似的(虽然长得多)的步骤序列。