0.目录
2.setup
(1) 安装步骤,可以顺带安装mysql administrator和mysql query browser
(2) 安装完毕,修改 my.ini
(3) 重启 mysql 服务:
(4) cmd 确认可用:
(5) 安装 MySQLdb
(6) 脚本内部会先对 execute 的unicode query 参数进行编码,可以手动加一句 print repr(query) 方便调试,懒得打monkey_patch的话。。。
3.推荐使用姿势
(1)连接:
(2)创建数据库:不可省略COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci',有(2)则(3)可以省略 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
(3)创建表
4.中文乱码或其他异常
(1)检查配置
(2)在Windows cmd 插入或查询中文出现乱码
(3)更改数据库编码
(4)更改表编码
1.参考
有关编码,中文字符的官方解答,必看!!!
mysql>status;--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.20, forLinux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id:21
Current database:Current user: root@localhostSSL:Not in use
Currentpager: stdout
Using outfile:''Using delimiter: ;
Server version:5.7.20MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:10Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket:/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:4 days 23 hours 32 min 54sec
Threads:1 Questions: 186 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 141 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 130 Queries per second avg: 0.000
--------------
2.setup
(1)安装步骤: Windows 7系统安装MySQL5.5.21图解 ,可以顺带安装mysql administrator和mysql query browser
14、在打开的字符编码的页面中,设置mysql要使用的字符编码,第一个是西文编码,第二个是多字节的通用utf8编码,第三个是手动,我们选择utf-8,如果在这里没有选择UTF-8这个编码的化,在使用JDBC连接数据库的时候,便会出现乱码,到那时需要加上如下的代码“useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 ”,才可以解决乱码问题,为了以后的方便所以设置为UTF-8编码,但是有一个问题,那就是当用哪个控制台插入汉字的时候,会报错,查询带汉字的表时,无法显示汉字,所在需要在每次进入MySQL后,设置一个系统参数“set names gbk”,即可解决该问题,接下来单击“next”,继续配置,如图所示:
(2) 安装完毕,修改 my.ini
D:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5
原来是latin1,修改如下:
#CLIENT SECTION #will be read by MySQL client applications.
default-character-set=utf8#SERVER SECTION #will be used when a new schema or table
character-set-server=utf8
根据下文的 show variables like 'char%'; 显示:
CLIENT SECTION对应如下三项,可以被连接参数临时覆盖 --default-character-set=utf8
character_set_client | latin1
character_set_connection | latin1
character_set_results | latin1
SERVER SECTION对应如下二项:
character_set_database | latin1
character_set_server | latin1
(3) 重启 mysql 服务:
C:\Users\win7>net stop mysql
C:\Users\win7>net start mysql
(4) cmd 确认可用:
mysql -u root -p
回车然后输入密码
(5) 安装 MySQLdb
(6) 脚本内部会先对 execute 的unicode query 参数进行编码,可以手动加一句 print repr(query) 方便调试,懒得打monkey_patch的话。。。
C:\Program Files\Anaconda2\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py
classBaseCursor(object):def execute(self, query, args=None):ifisinstance(query, unicode):
query=query.encode(db.unicode_literal.charset)if args is notNone:ifisinstance(args, dict):
query= query %dict((key, db.literal(item))for key, item inargs.iteritems())else:
query= query % tuple([db.literal(item) for item inargs])print repr(query) #手动加一句方便调试
3.推荐使用姿势
(1)连接:
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root',passwd='123', db='account', charset='utf8') # OK
如果连接数据库用localhost连接不上,可以换127.0.0.1
mysql -h localhost -u root -p --default-character-set=utf8
import MySQLdb
conn=MySQLdb.connect(
#host='localhost',
host='127.0.0.1',
port= 3306,
user='root',
passwd='root',
#db='database_name',
charset='utf8')
curs = conn.cursor()
(2)创建数据库:不可省略COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci',有(2)则(3)可以省略 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
curs.execute("""CREATE DATABASE database_name
CHARACTER SET 'utf8'
COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';""")
#确认:
curs.execute('SHOW DATABASES')
curs.fetchall()
(3)创建表
curs.execute('USE database_name')
curs.execute("""CREATE TABLE table_name(
id int not null auto_increment,
name char(50) null,
cate char(50) null,
date datetime null,
primary key(id)
)engine=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;""")
#确认:
curs.execute('SHOW TABLES')
4.中文乱码或其他异常
(1)检查配置
mysql> show variables like 'char%';+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | D:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00sec)
mysql>\s--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.56, forWin64 (AMD64)
Connection id:743
Current database:Current user: root@localhostSSL:Not in useUsing delimiter: ;
Server version:5.5.56MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:10Connection: localhost via TCP/IP
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port:3306Uptime:1 day 4 min 47sec
Threads:4 Questions: 7373195 Slow queries: 1323 Opens: 4725 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 0Qu
eries per secondavg: 85.055
--------------
mysql> use temp
Databasechanged
mysql> show create database temp;+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| temp | CREATE DATABASE `temp` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8*/ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> show full columns fromtest;+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges
| Comment |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(11) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references | |
| name | char(50) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| cate | char(50) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| date | datetime | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.19 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
除了character_set_filesystem | binary,一般要求其他项都是 utf8,通过按照前文的 2.setup 修改 my.ini 可以永久生效。
mysql> set names utf8;
一次性修改 character_set_client, character_set_connection, and character_set_results
mysql> help setnames
Name:'SET NAMES'Description:
Syntax:SET NAMES {'charset_name'
[COLLATE 'collation_name'] | DEFAULT}
This statement sets the three session system variables
character_set_client, character_set_connection,andcharacter_set_resultsto the given character set. Setting
character_set_connectiontocharset_name also sets collation_connectionto the default collation forcharset_name. See
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/charset-connection.html.
The optional COLLATE clause may be usedtospecify a collation
explicitly.If given, the collation must one ofthe permitted
collationsforcharset_name.
charset_nameand collation_name may be quoted orunquoted.
Thedefault mapping can be restored by using a value of DEFAULT. Thedefault depends onthe server configuration.
ucs2, utf16,and utf32 cannot be used as a client character set, which
means that they donot work for SETNAMES.
URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/set-names.html
(2)在Windows cmd 插入或查询中文出现乱码
需要每次连接后输入如下:
set character_set_client =gbk;
set character_set_results = gbk;
(3)更改数据库编码
ALTER DATABASE db_name CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
ALTER DATABASE db_name COLLATE [=] collation_name
仅对当前连接有效,实际意义???:set character_set_database = utf8;
(4)更改表编码
ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]