python初学者画图_python画图学习

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import numpy as npimport pandas as pdimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt参考：

Matplotlib 教程wizardforcel Matplotlib 入门教程

注意：plt.show( )之后会清空画板，所有绘图数据删除，保存前不要执行

在没有图形化界面的环境下，要执行plt.switch_backend("agg")

官方的案例最好了Examples

无图形化的终端画图

import matplotlib as mplmpl.use("Agg")import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

绘图：二维图形绘制x=np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, num=100, endpoint=True)ysin=np.sin(x)ycos=np.cos(x)#创建画板,内含1x1fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1,sharex=True,sharey=False,figsize=(8,6))ax.plot(x,ysin,label="sin")ax.plot(x,ycos,label="cos")ax.set_xlabel("X")ax.set_ylabel("Y")ax.set_title("sin and cos")ax.legend() #上图例，plt里面的label

显示plt.show(),plt.show()之后会清空画板，所有绘图数据删除，保存前不要执行

保存图形命令figfile="sincos.png" #支持png,pdf等多种格式plt.savefig(figfile,dpi=60)

多个画板fig, [ax1,ax2] = plt.subplots(1,2,sharex=True,sharey=False,figsize=(8,6))ax1.plot(x,ysin,label="sin")ax2.plot(x,ycos,label="cos")ax1.set_title("sin")ax2.set_title("cos")ax1.legend() #上图例，plt里面的labelax2.legend() #上图例，plt里面的labelfigfile="sincos.png" #支持png,pdf等多种格式plt.savefig(figfile,dpi=100)也可以fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,2,sharex=True,sharey=False,figsize=(8,6))ax[0].plot(x,ysin,label="sin")ax[1].plot(x,ycos,label="cos")

填充图ysin=np.sin(x)ycos=np.cos(x)-0.5fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1,sharex=True,sharey=False,figsize=(8,6))ax.fill_between(x, 0, ysin,alpha=0.5) #,, facecolor="blue", alpha=0.5)ax.fill_between(x, 0, ycos,alpha=0.5) #,, facecolor="red", alpha=0.5)

文本

使用r"$Latex语法$"xyz=[r"$\alpha_{xx}$","yy","zz","average"]

常用代码段画峰值出x坐标def peaklabel(plt,xdata,ydata):scale=1.1left=ydata[0:-1]-ydata[1:]*scale>0#我在左面时大right=ydata[1:]-ydata[0:-1]*scale>0#我在右面时大left=np.append(left,True)choose=np.append(left[0],left[1:] & right[:] )#choose=choose & ( ydata > np.average(ydata) )#choose=choose & ( ydata > np.max(ydata)/5.0 )x=xdata[choose]y=ydata[choose]for xy in zip(x, y):plt.annotate("%2.3f" % xy[0], xy=xy, xytext=(-20, 10), textcoords="offset points")

周期逐增画上x的位置deltaeV=1.0 #画图标签间隔,可以理解为带间距N_each_deltaeV=20 #deltaeV内Y方向最多有多少个标签，若超过取余从0计数mine=-1E15for i in np.arange(gap.size):#垂直线plt.vlines(gap[i], ylimit[0], ylimit[1], colors = "g", linestyles = "dashed",color=colors[i])#plt.annotate(str(round(gap[i],2)),# xytext=(gap[i], 1.0*(ylimit[1]-ylimit[0])/gap.size*(i+1) ),# textcoords="offset points",color=colors[i])x=gap[i]if False:left=gap.size - gapnumif i < left:y=(ylimit[1]-ylimit[0])*1.0/(left+2)*(left-i)+ylimit[0]else:y=(ylimit[1]-ylimit[0])*1.0/(gapnum+2)*(i-left+1)+ylimit[0]else:if(gap[i] - mine > deltaeV ):mine = gap[i]position=1else:position=position+1position=position%N_each_deltaeVy=(ylimit[1]-ylimit[0])*(1.0*position/N_each_deltaeV)#在deltaeV内等间距插入N_each_deltaeV个点if ( xlimit[0] == None or x > xlimit[0]) and ( xlimit[1] == None or x < xlimit[1] ):plt.text(x,y,str(round(gap[i],2)),fontsize=15,color=colors[i],bbox=dict(box>verticalalignment="center",horizontalalignment="center")

差值拟合

高斯滤波器致谢@GliderHX#原始画图方法axs.plot(DBgrid,avTDB[i],label=DBlable[i])#滤波后画图from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter1davTDB[i] = gaussian_filter1d(avTDB[i], 2) #参数解释(原始数据,sigma,)axs.plot(DBgrid,avTDB[i],label=DBlable[i])

插值

致谢@GliderHX10. Scipy Tutorial-插值interp1dfrom scipy.interpolate import interp1d#获得插值函数的参数f = interp1d(x, y, kind="cubic")#参数(原始数据x,y,插值算法)#计算插值数据xx = np.linspace(5,10,10000)yy = f(xx)插值算法有linear", "nearest", "zero", "slinear", "quadratic", "cubic"

linear 线性

cubic 三次

高斯滤波后再插值效果更好

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