java规则引擎_「 java架构师之路必备」 Java规则引擎 Easy Rules

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-16 20:16:30 发布

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1. Easy Rules 概述

Easy Rules是一个Java规则引擎，灵感来自一篇名为《Should I use a Rules Engine?》的文章

规则引擎就是提供一种可选的计算模型。与通常的命令式模型(由带有条件和循环的命令依次组成)不同，规则引擎基于生产规则系统。这是一组生产规则，每条规则都有一个条件(condition)和一个动作(action)———— 简单的说，可以将其看作是一组if-then语句。

精妙之处在于规则可以按任何顺序编写，引擎会决定何时使用对顺序有意义的任何方式来计算它们。考虑它的一个好方法是系统运行所有规则，选择条件成立的规则，然后执行相应的操作。这样做的好处是，很多问题都很自然地符合这个模型：

if car.owner.hasCellPhone then premium += 100; if car.model.theftRating > 4 then premium += 200; if car.owner.livesInDodgyArea && car.model.theftRating > 2 then premium += 300;

规则引擎是一种工具，它使得这种计算模型编程变得更容易。它可能是一个完整的开发环境，或者一个可以在传统平台上工作的框架。生产规则计算模型最适合仅解决一部分计算问题，因此规则引擎可以更好地嵌入到较大的系统中。

你可以自己构建一个简单的规则引擎。你所需要做的就是创建一组带有条件和动作的对象，将它们存储在一个集合中，然后遍历它们以评估条件并执行这些动作。

Easy Rules它提供Rule抽象以创建具有条件和动作的规则，并提供RuleEngine API，该API通过一组规则运行以评估条件并执行动作。

Easy Rules简单易用，只需两步：

首先，定义规则，方式有很多种

方式一：注解

@Rule(name = "weather rule", description = "if it rains then take an umbrella")public class WeatherRule {    @Condition    public boolean itRains(@Fact("rain") boolean rain) {        return rain;    }        @Action    public void takeAnUmbrella() {        System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!");    }}

方式二：链式编程

Rule weatherRule = new RuleBuilder()        .name("weather rule")        .description("if it rains then take an umbrella")        .when(facts -> facts.get("rain").equals(true))        .then(facts -> System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!"))        .build();

方式三：表达式

Rule weatherRule = new MVELRule()        .name("weather rule")        .description("if it rains then take an umbrella")        .when("rain == true")        .then("System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!");");

方式四：yml配置文件

例如：weather-rule.yml

name: "weather rule"description: "if it rains then take an umbrella"condition: "rain == true"actions:  - "System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!");"

MVELRuleFactory ruleFactory = new MVELRuleFactory(new YamlRuleDefinitionReader());Rule weatherRule = ruleFactory.createRule(new FileReader("weather-rule.yml"));

接下来，应用规则

public class Test {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // define facts        Facts facts = new Facts();        facts.put("rain", true);        // define rules        Rule weatherRule = ...        Rules rules = new Rules();        rules.register(weatherRule);        // fire rules on known facts        RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine();        rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts);    }}

入门案例：Hello Easy Rules

org.jeasy    easy-rules-core    4.0.0

通过骨架创建maven项目：

mvn archetype:generate     -DarchetypeGroupId=org.jeasy     -DarchetypeArtifactId=easy-rules-archetype     -DarchetypeVersion=4.0.0

默认给我们生成了一个HelloWorldRule规则，如下：

package com.cjs.example.rules;import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Action;import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Condition;import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Rule;@Rule(name = "Hello World rule", description = "Always say hello world")public class HelloWorldRule {    @Condition    public boolean when() {        return true;    }    @Action    public void then() throws Exception {        System.out.println("hello world");    }}

2. 规则定义

2.1. 定义规则

大多数业务规则可以用以下定义表示：

Name : 一个命名空间下的唯一的规则名称
Description : 规则的简要描述
Priority : 相对于其他规则的优先级
Facts : 事实，可立即为要处理的数据
Conditions : 为了应用规则而必须满足的一组条件
Actions : 当条件满足时执行的一组动作

Easy Rules为每个关键点提供了一个抽象来定义业务规则。

在Easy Rules中，Rule接口代表规则

public interface Rule {    /**    * This method encapsulates the rule's conditions.    * @return true if the rule should be applied given the provided facts, false otherwise    */    boolean evaluate(Facts facts);    /**    * This method encapsulates the rule's actions.    * @throws Exception if an error occurs during actions performing    */    void execute(Facts facts) throws Exception;    //Getters and setters for rule name, description and priority omitted.}

evaluate方法封装了必须计算结果为TRUE才能触发规则的条件。execute方法封装了在满足规则条件时应该执行的动作。条件和操作由Condition和Action接口表示。

定义规则有两种方式：

通过在POJO类上添加注解
通过RuleBuilder API编程

可以在一个POJO类上添加@Rule注解，例如：

@Rule(name = "my rule", description = "my rule description", priority = 1)public class MyRule {    @Condition    public boolean when(@Fact("fact") fact) {        //my rule conditions        return true;    }    @Action(order = 1)    public void then(Facts facts) throws Exception {        //my actions    }    @Action(order = 2)    public void finally() throws Exception {        //my final actions    }}

@Condition注解指定规则条件@Fact注解指定参数@Action注解指定规则执行的动作

RuleBuilder支持链式风格定义规则，例如：

Rule rule = new RuleBuilder()                .name("myRule")                .description("myRuleDescription")                .priority(3)                .when(condition)                .then(action1)                .then(action2)                .build();

组合规则

CompositeRule由一组规则组成。这是一个典型地组合设计模式的实现。

组合规则是一个抽象概念，因为可以以不同方式触发组合规则。

Easy Rules自带三种CompositeRule实现：

UnitRuleGroup : 要么应用所有规则，要么不应用任何规则(AND逻辑)
ActivationRuleGroup : 它触发第一个适用规则，并忽略组中的其他规则(XOR逻辑)
ConditionalRuleGroup : 如果具有最高优先级的规则计算结果为true，则触发其余规则

复合规则可以从基本规则创建并注册为常规规则：

//Create a composite rule from two primitive rulesUnitRuleGroup myUnitRuleGroup = new UnitRuleGroup("myUnitRuleGroup", "unit of myRule1 and myRule2");myUnitRuleGroup.addRule(myRule1);myUnitRuleGroup.addRule(myRule2);//Register the composite rule as a regular ruleRules rules = new Rules();rules.register(myUnitRuleGroup);RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine();rulesEngine.fire(rules, someFacts);

每个规则都有优先级。它代表触发注册规则的默认顺序。默认情况下，较低的值表示较高的优先级。可以重写compareTo方法以提供自定义优先级策略。

2.2. 定义事实

在Easy Rules中，Fact API代表事实

public class Fact {     private final String name;     private final T value;}

举个例子：

Fact fact = new Fact("foo", "bar");Facts facts = new Facts();facts.add(fact);

或者，也可以用这样简写形式

Facts facts = new Facts();facts.put("foo", "bar");

用@Fact注解可以将Facts注入到condition和action方法中

@Ruleclass WeatherRule {    @Condition    public boolean itRains(@Fact("rain") boolean rain) {        return rain;    }    @Action    public void takeAnUmbrella(Facts facts) {        System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!");        // can add/remove/modify facts    }}

2.3. 定义规则引擎

Easy Rules提供两种RulesEngine接口实现：

DefaultRulesEngine : 根据规则的自然顺序应用规则
InferenceRulesEngine : 持续对已知事实应用规则，直到不再适用任何规则为止

创建规则引擎：

RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine();// orRulesEngine rulesEngine = new InferenceRulesEngine();

然后，注册规则

rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts);

规则引擎有一些可配置的参数，如下图所示：

举个例子：

RulesEngineParameters parameters = new RulesEngineParameters()    .rulePriorityThreshold(10)    .skipOnFirstAppliedRule(true)    .skipOnFirstFailedRule(true)    .skipOnFirstNonTriggeredRule(true);RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(parameters);

2.4. 定义规则监听器

通过实现RuleListener接口

public interface RuleListener {    /**     * Triggered before the evaluation of a rule.     *     * @param rule being evaluated     * @param facts known before evaluating the rule     * @return true if the rule should be evaluated, false otherwise     */    default boolean beforeEvaluate(Rule rule, Facts facts) {        return true;    }    /**     * Triggered after the evaluation of a rule.     *     * @param rule that has been evaluated     * @param facts known after evaluating the rule     * @param evaluationResult true if the rule evaluated to true, false otherwise     */    default void afterEvaluate(Rule rule, Facts facts, boolean evaluationResult) { }    /**     * Triggered on condition evaluation error due to any runtime exception.     *     * @param rule that has been evaluated     * @param facts known while evaluating the rule     * @param exception that happened while attempting to evaluate the condition.     */    default void onEvaluationError(Rule rule, Facts facts, Exception exception) { }    /**     * Triggered before the execution of a rule.     *     * @param rule the current rule     * @param facts known facts before executing the rule     */    default void beforeExecute(Rule rule, Facts facts) { }    /**     * Triggered after a rule has been executed successfully.     *     * @param rule the current rule     * @param facts known facts after executing the rule     */    default void onSuccess(Rule rule, Facts facts) { }    /**     * Triggered after a rule has failed.     *     * @param rule the current rule     * @param facts known facts after executing the rule     * @param exception the exception thrown when attempting to execute the rule     */    default void onFailure(Rule rule, Facts facts, Exception exception) { }}

3. 示例

4.0.0com.cjs.example    easy-rules-quickstart    1.0.0-SNAPSHOTjarorg.jeasy            easy-rules-core            4.0.0org.jeasy            easy-rules-support            4.0.0org.jeasy            easy-rules-mvel            4.0.0org.slf4j            slf4j-simple            1.7.30

4. 扩展

规则本质上是一个函数，如y=f(x1,x2,..,xn)

规则引擎就是为了解决业务代码和业务规则分离的引擎，是一种嵌入在应用程序中的组件，实现了将业务决策从应用程序代码中分离。

还有一种常见的方式是Java+Groovy来实现，Java内嵌Groovy脚本引擎进行业务规则剥离。

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