java lock 实例_Java并发编程 - 锁Lock取款机场景实例

转自：http://www.verejava.com/?id=17236703718463

锁Lock取款机场景实例

Lock是一个接口，ReentrantLock是它的实现类，下面通过“取款机案例”来剖析它的4个常用方法。

1.爸爸妈妈同时在ATM上登录取款(不加任何锁)

public classBank {private static double money = 10000;public voidlogin(Thread currentUserThread) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 登录进入银行" + " 当前银行余额 : " +money);

}public voidlogout() {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 退出银行");

}public double withdraw(doublewithdrawMoney) {if (this.money

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 当前银行余额 : " + this.money + " 余额不够");return 0;

}this.money -=withdrawMoney;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 取款 : " + withdrawMoney + " 当前银行余额 : " + this.money);returnwithdrawMoney;

}

}

public classTestLock {public static voidmain(String[] args) {final Bank bank = newBank();//启动爸爸线程

Thread fatherThread = new Thread("爸爸") {public voidrun() {try{//爸爸登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());//过2秒取10000

Thread.sleep(2000);

bank.withdraw(10000);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

fatherThread.start();//启动妈妈线程

Thread motherThread = new Thread("妈妈") {public voidrun() {try{//妈妈登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());//过5秒取 10000

Thread.sleep(5000);

bank.withdraw(10000);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

motherThread.start();

}

}

结果：

妈妈 登录进入银行 当前银行余额 : 10000.0爸爸 登录进入银行 当前银行余额 :10000.0爸爸 取款 :10000.0 当前银行余额 : 0.0妈妈 当前银行余额 :0.0 余额不够

妈妈登录显示银行余额为10000，但是当她取钱时却显示“余额不足”，产生了数据不一致。

2.同一时刻，爸爸或妈妈线程只能有一个能够登录银行取款(获取lock())，另外一个线程需要等待, 直到unlock()释放锁

public classBank {private static double money = 10000;private Lock lock = newReentrantLock();public voidlogin(Thread currentUserThread) {

lock.lock();//登录加锁

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 登录进入银行" + " 当前银行余额 : " +money);

}public voidlogout() {

lock.unlock();//退出释放锁

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出银行");

}public double withdraw(doublewithdrawMoney) {if (this.money

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 当前银行余额 : " + this.money + " 余额不够");return 0;

}this.money -=withdrawMoney;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 取款 : " + withdrawMoney + " 当前银行余额 : " + this.money);returnwithdrawMoney;

}

}

public classTestLock {public static voidmain(String[] args) {final Bank bank = newBank();//启动爸爸线程

Thread fatherThread = new Thread("爸爸") {public voidrun() {try{//爸爸登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());//过2秒取10000

Thread.sleep(2000);

bank.withdraw(10000);//爸爸退出

bank.logout();

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

fatherThread.start();//启动妈妈线程

Thread motherThread = new Thread("妈妈") {public voidrun() {try{//妈妈登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());//过5秒取 10000

Thread.sleep(5000);

bank.withdraw(10000);//妈妈退出

bank.logout();

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

motherThread.start();

}

}

结果：

爸爸 登录进入银行 当前银行余额 : 10000.0爸爸 取款 :10000.0 当前银行余额 : 0.0爸爸 退出银行

妈妈 登录进入银行 当前银行余额 :0.0妈妈 当前银行余额 :0.0余额不够

妈妈 退出银行

lock() 和unlock()成对出现，在login(Thread currentUserThread) 登录方法中调用 lock() ,在 logout()退出方法中调用了unlock()。

也就是说，Lock类的锁机制允许在不同的方法中加锁和解锁，而synchronized关键字只能在同一个方法中加锁和解锁。

3. 通过tryLock()判断是否可以获得锁, 能获得锁返回true，否则返回false

public classBank {private static double money = 10000;private Lock lock = newReentrantLock();public voidlogin(Thread currentUserThread) {//判断是否已经有线程登录

if (!lock.tryLock()) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 有人已经登录进入银行 请稍等");

}else{

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 登录进入银行" + " 当前银行余额: " +money);

}

}public voidlogout() {

lock.unlock();//退出释放锁

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出银行");

}public double withdraw(doublewithdrawMoney) {if (this.money

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 当前银行余额: " + this.money + " 余额不够");return 0;

}this.money -=withdrawMoney;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 取款: " + withdrawMoney + " 当前银行余额: " + this.money);returnwithdrawMoney;

}

}

public classTestLock {public static voidmain(String[] args) {final Bank bank = newBank();//启动爸爸线程

Thread fatherThread = new Thread("爸爸") {public voidrun() {try{//爸爸登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());//过2秒取10000

Thread.sleep(2000);

bank.withdraw(10000);//爸爸退出

bank.logout();

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

fatherThread.start();//启动妈妈线程

Thread motherThread = new Thread("妈妈") {public voidrun() {//妈妈登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());

}

};

motherThread.start();

}

}

结果：

妈妈 有人已经登录进入银行 请稍等

爸爸 登录进入银行 当前银行余额:10000.0爸爸 取款:10000.0 当前银行余额: 0.0爸爸 退出银行

4. 通过tryLock(long time,TimeUnit timeUnit)设置一段时间后重新进入

public classBank {private static double money = 10000;private Lock lock = newReentrantLock();public voidlogin(Thread currentUserThread) {//如果登录不成功，10秒后再重新尝试获得锁

try{if (!lock.tryLock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 有人已经登录进入银行，请稍等");

}else{

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 登录进入银行" + " 当前银行余额: " +money);

}

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}public voidlogout() {

lock.unlock();//退出释放锁

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出银行");

}public double withdraw(doublewithdrawMoney) {if (this.money

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 当前银行余额: " + this.money + " 余额不够");return 0;

}this.money -=withdrawMoney;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 取款: " + withdrawMoney + " 当前银行余额: " + this.money);returnwithdrawMoney;

}

}

public classTestLock {public static voidmain(String[] args) {final Bank bank = newBank();//启动爸爸线程

Thread fatherThread = new Thread("爸爸") {public voidrun() {try{//爸爸登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());//过2秒取10000

Thread.sleep(2000);

bank.withdraw(10000);//爸爸退出

bank.logout();

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

fatherThread.start();//启动妈妈线程

Thread motherThread = new Thread("妈妈") {public voidrun() {//妈妈登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());

}

};

motherThread.start();

}

}

结果妈妈10秒后重新尝试得到锁登录进入了银行 ：

爸爸 登录进入银行 当前银行余额: 10000.0爸爸 取款:10000.0 当前银行余额: 0.0爸爸 退出银行

妈妈 登录进入银行 当前银行余额:0.0

5.如果爸爸线程调用 lock() 获得锁以后，没有unlock()释放锁，妈妈线程将会一直等待产生死锁，即使调用 interrupt()中断也没有作用。

public classBank {private static double money = 10000;private Lock lock = newReentrantLock();public voidlogin(Thread currentUserThread) {

lock.lock();

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 登录进入银行" + " 当前银行余额 : " +money);

}public voidlogout() {

lock.unlock();//退出释放锁

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出银行");

}public double withdraw(doublewithdrawMoney) {if (this.money

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 当前银行余额: " + this.money + " 余额不够");return 0;

}this.money -=withdrawMoney;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 取款: " + withdrawMoney + " 当前银行余额: " + this.money);returnwithdrawMoney;

}

}

public classTestLock {public static voidmain(String[] args) {final Bank bank = newBank();//启动爸爸线程

Thread fatherThread = new Thread("爸爸") {public voidrun() {try{//爸爸登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());//过2秒取10000

Thread.sleep(2000);

bank.withdraw(10000);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

fatherThread.start();//启动妈妈线程

Thread motherThread = new Thread("妈妈") {public voidrun() {try{

Thread.sleep(1000);

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 登录超时被中断");

}

}

};

motherThread.start();try{

Thread.sleep(2000);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

motherThread.interrupt();

}

}

结果：

妈妈线程一直等待爸爸线程释放锁，结果造成死锁。妈妈线程调用motherThread.interrupt(); 中断也不起做用。

6. 在登录获得锁时，调用lockInterruptibly()，允许中断等待的线程，使motherThread.interrupt()可用。

public classBank {private static double money = 10000;private Lock lock = newReentrantLock();public void login(Thread currentUserThread) throwsInterruptedException {

lock.lockInterruptibly();//运行等待线程被中断

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 登录进入银行" + " 当前银行余额 : " +money);

}public voidlogout() {

lock.unlock();//退出释放锁

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出银行");

}public double withdraw(doublewithdrawMoney) {if (this.money

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 当前银行余额: " + this.money + " 余额不够");return 0;

}this.money -=withdrawMoney;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 取款: " + withdrawMoney + " 当前银行余额: " + this.money);returnwithdrawMoney;

}

}

public classTestLock {public static voidmain(String[] args) {final Bank bank = newBank();//启动爸爸线程

Thread fatherThread = new Thread("爸爸") {public voidrun() {try{//爸爸登录

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());//过2秒取10000

Thread.sleep(2000);

bank.withdraw(10000);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

fatherThread.start();//启动 妈妈 线程

Thread motherThread = new Thread("妈妈") {public voidrun() {try{

Thread.sleep(1000);

bank.login(Thread.currentThread());

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 登录超时被中断");

}

}

};

motherThread.start();try{

Thread.sleep(2000);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

motherThread.interrupt();

}

}

结果：

爸爸 登录进入银行 当前银行余额 : 10000.0妈妈 登录超时被中断

爸爸 取款:10000.0 当前银行余额: 0.0