mysql 创建闭包表_Mysql闭包表之关于国家区域的一个实践

在电商系统中，我们总是会遇到一些树形结构数据的存储需求。如地理区域、位置信息存储，地理信息按照层级划分，会分为很多层级，就拿中国的行政区域划分为例，简单的省-市-县-镇-村就要五个级别。如果系统涉及到跨境的国际贸易，那么存储的地理信息层级会更加深。那么如何正确合理地存储这些数据，并且又能很好的适应各种查询场景就成了我们需要考虑的问题，这次我们来考虑通过闭包表方案，来达到我们的存储及查询需求。

一、设计闭包表

闭包表由Closure Table翻译而来，通过父节点、子节点、两节点距离来描述一棵树空间换时间的思想，Closure Table，一种更为彻底的全路径结构，分别记录路径上相关结点的全展开形式。能明晰任意两结点关系而无须多余查询，级联删除和结点移动也很方便。但是它的存储开销会大一些，除了表示结点的Meta信息，还需要一张专用的关系表。

区域基础信息表结构如下

CREATE TABLE `area_base` (

`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增主键',

`area_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '区域名称',

`sequence` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '排序号，越小越靠前',

`created_by` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '创建人',

`created_time` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',

`updated_by` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新人',

`updated_time` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '更新时间',

`is_del` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '状态：0 正常，-1 已删除',

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=56 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='区域表';

区域之间指向关系的闭包表结构如下

CREATE TABLE `area_closure` (

`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增长Id',

`ancestor` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '祖先',

`descendant` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '后代',

`distance` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '祖先到后代之间的距离',

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `id_ancedesc` (`ancestor`,`descendant`) USING BTREE,

KEY `idx_ancestor` (`ancestor`,`distance`) USING BTREE,

KEY `idx_descendant` (`descendant`,`distance`) USING BTREE

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=259 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='区域的树形结构闭包表';

模拟一些示范数据，如下所示

mysql> select * from area_base;

+----+-----------+----------+------------+----------------+------------+---------------+--------+

| id | area_name | sequence | created_by | created_time | updated_by | updated_time | is_del |

+----+-----------+----------+------------+----------------+------------+---------------+--------+

| 1 | 根节点 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 29 | 亚洲 | 96 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1540031478909 | 0 |

| 30 | 美洲 | 33 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1540031478923 | 0 |

| 31 | 欧洲 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 35 | 中国 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 36 | 日本 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 37 | 朝鲜 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 38 | 广东省 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 39 | 新疆省 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 40 | 广西省 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 41 | 深圳市 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 42 | 广州市 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

| 43 | 佛山市 | 0 | 123 | 15679841561561 | 990 | 1539175879690 | 0 |

+----+-----------+----------+------------+----------------+------------+---------------+--------+

13 rows in set

二、闭包表中的递归操作

如何递归构造出一颗全区域的返回树

public AreaTreeResponse getAreaTree(Long areaId) {

String cacheKey = BasicConst.Cache.AREA_TREE_KEY + BasicConst.AreaInfo.ROOT_NODE_ID;

AreaTreeResponse areaTreeResponse = cache.get(cacheKey);

if(areaTreeResponse != null){

return areaTreeResponse;

}

// 递归生成

areaTreeResponse = newAreaTreeByRecur(areaId);

// 加入缓存，并设置超时时间

cache.set(cacheKey, areaTreeResponse, BasicConst.Cache.AREA_CACHE_TTL);

return areaTreeResponse;

}

/**

* 根据父节点构造返回子树

*

* @param parentId

* @return

*/

private AreaTreeResponse newAreaTreeByRecur(Long parentId){

// 初始化返回结果

AreaTreeResponse areaTree = new AreaTreeResponse();

// 获取直接子节点

List areaChildList = areaClosureMapper.getAreaTree(parentId, 1);

if(areaChildList == null || areaChildList.size() == 0){

return areaTree;

} else {

// 初始化当前节点的id和name

Long curNodeId = null;

String curNodeName = null;

// 初始化当前节点对应的childList

List childList = new ArrayList<>();

for (AreaTree areaChildNode : areaChildList) {

curNodeId = areaChildNode.getParentId();

curNodeName = areaChildNode.getParentName();

// 递归，将子节点当成父节点向下递归

AreaTreeResponse child = newAreaTreeByRecur(areaChildNode.getChildrenId());

// 叶子节点设置child

child.setAreaId(areaChildNode.getChildrenId());

child.setAreaName(areaChildNode.getChildrenName());

childList.add(child);

}

// 将childList传给上一节点

areaTree.setAreaId(curNodeId);

areaTree.setAreaName(curNodeName);

areaTree.setChildren(childList);

return areaTree;

}

}

写一个测试用例进行测试

@Test

public void getCurrentNodeTree(){

AreaTreeResponse areaTreeResponse = areaService.getAreaTree(1L);

// 模拟返回树

String jsonObject = JSONObject.toJSONString(areaTreeResponse);

System.out.println("lingyejun test result :"+jsonObject);

}

递归生成的树状Json如下

{

"areaId":1,

"areaName":"根节点",

"children":[

{

"areaId":31,

"areaName":"欧洲"

},

{

"areaId":30,

"areaName":"美洲"

},

{

"areaId":29,

"areaName":"亚洲",

"children":[

{

"areaId":35,

"areaName":"中国",

"children":[

{

"areaId":38,

"areaName":"广东省",

"children":[

{

"areaId":41,

"areaName":"深圳市"

},

{

"areaId":42,

"areaName":"广州市"

},

{

"areaId":43,

"areaName":"佛山市"

}

]

},

{

"areaId":39,

"areaName":"新疆省"

},

{

"areaId":40,

"areaName":"广西省"

}

]

},

{

"areaId":36,

"areaName":"日本"

},

{

"areaId":37,

"areaName":"朝鲜"

}

]

}

]

}