#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Created on Tue Oct 23 20:46:45 2018
@author: Administrator"""
importcv2importnumpy as npdefstretch(img):'''图像拉伸函数'''maxi=float(img.max())
mini=float(img.min())for i inrange(img.shape[0]):for j in range(img.shape[1]):
img[i,j]=(255/(maxi-mini)*img[i,j]-(255*mini)/(maxi-mini))returnimgdefdobinaryzation(img):'''二值化处理函数'''maxi=float(img.max())
mini=float(img.min())
x=maxi-((maxi-mini)/2)#二值化,返回阈值ret 和 二值化操作后的图像thresh
ret,thresh=cv2.threshold(img,x,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)#返回二值化后的黑白图像
returnthreshdeffind_rectangle(contour):'''寻找矩形轮廓'''y,x=[],[]for p incontour:
y.append(p[0][0])
x.append(p[0][1])return[min(y),min(x),max(y),max(x)]deflocate_license(img,afterimg):'''定位车牌号'''img,contours,hierarchy=cv2.findContours(img,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)#找出最大的三个区域
block=[]for c incontours:#找出轮廓的左上点和右下点,由此计算它的面积和长度比
r=find_rectangle(c)
a=(r[2]-r[0])*(r[3]-r[1]) #面积
s=(r[2]-r[0])*(r[3]-r[1]) #长度比
block.append([r,a,s])#选出面积最大的3个区域
block=sorted(block,key=lambda b: b[1])[-3:]#使用颜色识别判断找出最像车牌的区域
maxweight,maxindex=0,-1
for i inrange(len(block)):
b=afterimg[block[i][0][1]:block[i][0][3],block[i][0][0]:block[i][0][2]]#BGR转HSV
hsv=cv2.cvtColor(b,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)#蓝色车牌的范围
lower=np.array([100,50,50])
upper=np.array([140,255,255])#根据阈值构建掩膜
mask=cv2.inRange(hsv,lower,upper)#统计权值
w1=0for m inmask:
w1+=m/255w2=0for n inw1:
w2+=n#选出最大权值的区域
if w2>maxweight:
maxindex=i
maxweight=w2returnblock[maxindex][0]deffind_license(img):'''预处理函数'''m=400*img.shape[0]/img.shape[1]#压缩图像
img=cv2.resize(img,(400,int(m)),interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)#BGR转换为灰度图像
gray_img=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)#灰度拉伸
stretchedimg=stretch(gray_img)'''进行开运算,用来去除噪声'''r=16h=w=r*2+1kernel=np.zeros((h,w),np.uint8)
cv2.circle(kernel,(r,r),r,1,-1)#开运算
openingimg=cv2.morphologyEx(stretchedimg,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel)#获取差分图,两幅图像做差 cv2.absdiff('图像1','图像2')
strtimg=cv2.absdiff(stretchedimg,openingimg)#图像二值化
binaryimg=dobinaryzation(strtimg)#canny边缘检测
canny=cv2.Canny(binaryimg,binaryimg.shape[0],binaryimg.shape[1])'''消除小的区域,保留大块的区域,从而定位车牌'''
#进行闭运算
kernel=np.ones((5,19),np.uint8)
closingimg=cv2.morphologyEx(canny,cv2.MORPH_CLOSE,kernel)#进行开运算
openingimg=cv2.morphologyEx(closingimg,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel)#再次进行开运算
kernel=np.ones((11,5),np.uint8)
openingimg=cv2.morphologyEx(openingimg,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel)#消除小区域,定位车牌位置
rect=locate_license(openingimg,img)returnrect,imgdefcut_license(afterimg,rect):'''图像分割函数'''
#转换为宽度和高度
rect[2]=rect[2]-rect[0]
rect[3]=rect[3]-rect[1]
rect_copy=tuple(rect.copy())
rect=[0,0,0,0]#创建掩膜
mask=np.zeros(afterimg.shape[:2],np.uint8)#创建背景模型 大小只能为13*5,行数只能为1,单通道浮点型
bgdModel=np.zeros((1,65),np.float64)#创建前景模型
fgdModel=np.zeros((1,65),np.float64)#分割图像
cv2.grabCut(afterimg,mask,rect_copy,bgdModel,fgdModel,5,cv2.GC_INIT_WITH_RECT)
mask2=np.where((mask==2)|(mask==0),0,1).astype('uint8')
img_show=afterimg*mask2[:,:,np.newaxis]returnimg_showdefdeal_license(licenseimg):'''车牌图片二值化'''
#车牌变为灰度图像
gray_img=cv2.cvtColor(licenseimg,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)#均值滤波 去除噪声
kernel=np.ones((3,3),np.float32)/9gray_img=cv2.filter2D(gray_img,-1,kernel)#二值化处理
ret,thresh=cv2.threshold(gray_img,120,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)returnthreshdeffind_end(start,arg,black,white,width,black_max,white_max):
end=start+1
for m in range(start+1,width-1):if (black[m] if arg else white[m])>(0.98*black_max if arg else 0.98*white_max):
end=mbreak
returnendif __name__=='__main__':
img=cv2.imread('../image/carnumber7.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)#预处理图像
rect,afterimg=find_license(img)#框出车牌号
cv2.rectangle(afterimg,(rect[0],rect[1]),(rect[2],rect[3]),(0,255,0),2)
cv2.imshow('afterimg',afterimg)#分割车牌与背景
cutimg=cut_license(afterimg,rect)
cv2.imshow('cutimg',cutimg)#二值化生成黑白图
thresh=deal_license(cutimg)
cv2.imshow('thresh',thresh)
cv2.waitKey(0)#分割字符
'''判断底色和字色'''
#记录黑白像素总和
white=[]
black=[]
height=thresh.shape[0] #263
width=thresh.shape[1] #400
#print('height',height)
#print('width',width)
white_max=0
black_max=0#计算每一列的黑白像素总和
for i inrange(width):
line_white=0
line_black=0for j inrange(height):if thresh[j][i]==255:
line_white+=1
if thresh[j][i]==0:
line_black+=1white_max=max(white_max,line_white)
black_max=max(black_max,line_black)
white.append(line_white)
black.append(line_black)print('white',white)print('black',black)#arg为true表示黑底白字,False为白底黑字
arg=Trueif black_max
arg=False
n=1start=1end=2
while n
n+=1
#判断是白底黑字还是黑底白字 0.05参数对应上面的0.95 可作调整
if(white[n] if arg else black[n])>(0.02*white_max if arg else 0.02*black_max):
start=n
end=find_end(start,arg,black,white,width,black_max,white_max)
n=endif end-start>5:
cj=thresh[1:height,start:end]
cv2.imshow('cutlicense',cj)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()