java new object 内存_如何通过理论方法计算java new ArrayList<Object>()对象的实际内存占用空间？...

我会建议不要对一个实际的JVM实现依赖于自己“理论计算对象布局”做假设。毕竟代码日新月异，如果不是每天都直接跟JVM内部实现打交道的话，自己的“理论”什么时候过时了或者哪里有个啥疏漏也难以察觉。

针对HotSpot VM，这种问题现在有超级方便的工具来解答了：发布在OpenJDK上的JOL(Java Object Layout)，由Aleksey Shipilëv大大开发。

官网链接：OpenJDK: jol

这是我在Mac OS X上跑Oracle JDK8u101，关掉压缩指针得到的输出：

$ java -XX:-UseCompressedOops -Djol.tryWithSudo=true -jar ~/Downloads/jol-cli-0.6-full.jar internals java.util.ArrayList

objc[49091]: Class JavaLaunchHelper is implemented in both /Users/krismo/sdk/jdk1.8.0_101/Contents/Home/bin/java and /Users/krismo/sdk/jdk1.8.0_101/Contents/Home/jre/lib/libinstrument.dylib. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.

# Running 64-bit HotSpot VM.

# Objects are 8 bytes aligned.

# Field sizes by type: 8, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8 [bytes]

# Array element sizes: 8, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8 [bytes]

java.util.ArrayList object internals:

OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE

0 4 (object header) 05 00 00 00 (00000101 00000000 00000000 00000000) (5)

4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0)

8 4 (object header) f0 ad e9 23 (11110000 10101101 11101001 00100011) (602516976)

12 4 (object header) 02 00 00 00 (00000010 00000000 00000000 00000000) (2)

16 4 int AbstractList.modCount 0

20 4 (alignment/padding gap) N/A

24 4 int ArrayList.size 0

28 4 (alignment/padding gap) N/A

32 8 Object[] ArrayList.elementData []

Instance size: 40 bytes

Space losses: 8 bytes internal + 0 bytes external = 8 bytes total其中，关掉压缩指针时的对象头有_mark和_klass两个字段，每个都是8字节；

然后在类继承边界上(ArrayList继承AbstractList)也有对齐带来的padding。这个例子中就是位于offset +20的那4字节。题主没想明白的大概就是这里。

在4字节宽的字段与8字节宽的字段之间也可能会有对齐带来的padding(因为8字节宽的字段需要8字节对齐，而前面的4字节宽字段只需要4字节对齐)，这就是位于offset +28的那4字节。

就这样。

本来在继承边界上的padding也可以用来分配给派生类的合适宽度的字段用，但HotSpot VM并没有这样做。算是个缺陷吧。

HotSpot VM在计算派生类的字段的布局时，直接先问基类的实例大小有多大(但却没有问基类实例的末尾有没有padding)，然后从基类的实例大小之后开始计算派生类字段的偏移量。所以基类末尾有padding的话…就浪费了。

顺便演示一下基类AbstractList的情况吧：

$ java -XX:-UseCompressedOops -Djol.tryWithSudo=true -jar ~/Downloads/jol-cli-0.6-full.jar internals java.util.AbstractList

objc[49134]: Class JavaLaunchHelper is implemented in both /Users/krismo/sdk/jdk1.8.0_101/Contents/Home/bin/java and /Users/krismo/sdk/jdk1.8.0_101/Contents/Home/jre/lib/libinstrument.dylib. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.

# Running 64-bit HotSpot VM.

# Objects are 8 bytes aligned.

# Field sizes by type: 8, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8 [bytes]

# Array element sizes: 8, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8 [bytes]

VM fails to invoke the default constructor, falling back to class-only introspection.

java.util.AbstractList object internals:

OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE

0 16 (object header) N/A

16 4 int AbstractList.modCount N/A

20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment)

Instance size: 24 bytes

Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total