how to become a superuser on Linux Ubuntu

If you login with your common user,but after a while you want to change the shell to superuser.you can do like this

sudo -s

then provide your password
After successful login in,the $ prompt would change to # to indicate that you logged in as root user on Ubuntu

also there are many other commands.Let me introduce them in detail
1:
whoami can let user verify the identities

whoami

2:
you can also use this command to login as root on Ubuntu

sudo -i 

then type your password and you will find that your shell prompt change from $ to #
3
If you want to exit from your sudo session of root user,type any one of the following exit command or logout command

logout

exit