mysql中员工表的查询,mysql 中的单表查询

单表查询：

create table emp (

id int primary key auto_increment,

name varchar(16) not null ,

sex enum('male','female')not null default 'male',

age int(3) unsigned not null default 28,

hire_date date not null,

post varchar(50),

post_comment varchar(100),

salary double (15,2),

office int,

depart_id int

);

insert into emp(name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values

('jason','male',18,'20170301','张江第一帅形象代言',7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部

('egon','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1),

('kevin','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1),

('tank','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1),

('owen','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1),

('jerry','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1),

('nick','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1),

('sean','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1),

('歪歪','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门

('丫丫','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2),

('丁丁','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2),

('星星','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2),

('格格','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2),

('张野','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门

('程咬金','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3),

('程咬银','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3),

('程咬铜','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3),

('程咬铁','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3)

;

where 约束条件

# 1.查询id大于等于3小于等于6的数据

select id name from emp where id >=3 and id <=6;

select * from emp where id between 3 and 6;

# 2.查询薪资是20000或者18000或者17000的数据

select *from emp where salary =2000 or salary =18000or salary =17000;

select *from emp where salary in(20000,18000,17000);

# 3.查询员工姓名中包含o字母的员工姓名和薪资 模糊查询

select name,salary from emp where name like '%o%';

# 4.查询员工姓名是由四个字符组成的员工姓名与其薪资

select name,salary from emp where name like '____';

select name,salary from emp where char_length(name) = 4;

# 5.查询岗位描述为空的员工名与岗位名 针对null不能用等号，只能用is

select name,post from emp where post_comment = NULL; # 查询为空！

select name,post from emp where post_comment is NULL;

select name,post from emp where post_comment is not NULL;

group by 约束条件

group by我们可以先从字面上来理解，GROUP表示分组，BY后面写字段名，就表示根据哪个字段进行分组，如果有用Excel比较多的话，GROUP BY比较类似Excel里面的透视表。

group by必须得配合聚合函数来用，分组之后你可以计数(COUNT)，求和(SUM)，求平均数(AVG)等。

常用聚合函数：求个数count 求总和 sum ，求最大值 max 求最小值 min 求平均值 avg

1.按部门分组

select * from emp group by post; # 分组后取出的是每个组的第一条数据

select id,name,sex from emp group by post; # 验证

"""

设置sql_mode为only_full_group_by，意味着以后但凡分组，只能取到分组的依据，

不应该在去取组里面的单个元素的值，那样的话分组就没有意义了，因为不分组就是对单个元素信息的随意获取

"""

set global sql_mode="strict_trans_tables,only_full_group_by";

# 重新链接客户端

select * from emp group by post; # 报错

select id,name,sex from emp group by post; # 报错

select post from emp group by post; # 获取部门信息

# 强调:只要分组了，就不能够再“直接”查找到单个数据信息了，只能获取到组名

# 2.获取每个部门的最高工资

# 以组为单位统计组内数据>>>聚合查询(聚集到一起合成为一个结果)

# 每个部门的最高工资

select post,max(salary) from emp group by post;

# 每个部门的最低工资

select post,min(salary) from emp group by post;

# 每个部门的平均工资

select post,avg(salary) from emp group by post;

# 每个部门的工资总和

select post,sum(salary) from emp group by post;

# 每个部门的人数

select post,count(id) from emp group by post;

# 3.查询分组之后的部门名称和每个部门下所有的学生姓名

# group_concat(分组之后用)不仅可以用来显示除分组外字段还有拼接字符串的作用

select post,group_concat(name) from emp group by post;

select post,group_concat(name,"_SB") from emp group by post;

select post,group_concat(name,": ",salary) from emp group by post;

select post,group_concat(salary) from emp group by post;

# 4.补充concat(不分组时用)拼接字符串达到更好的显示效果 as语法使用

select name as 姓名,salary as 薪资 from emp;

select concat("NAME: ",name) as 姓名,concat("SAL: ",salary) as 薪资 from emp;

# 补充as语法 即可以给字段起别名也可以给表起

select emp.id,emp.name from emp as t1; # 报错 因为表名已经被你改成了t1

select t1.id,t1.name from emp as t1;

# 查询四则运算

# 查询每个人的年薪

select name,salary*12 as annual_salary from emp;

select name,salary*12 annual_salary from emp; # as可以省略

having 约束条件

having的语法格式与where一致，只不过having是在分组之后进行的过滤，即where虽然不能用聚合函数，但是having可以！

select post,avg(salary) from emp

where age >= 30

group by post

having avg(salary) > 10000;

#强调：having必须在group by后面使用

distinct

# 对有重复的展示数据进行去重操作

select distinct post from emp;

order by 排序约束条件

select * from emp order by salary asc; #默认升序排

select * from emp order by salary desc; #降序排

select * from emp order by age desc; #降序排

#先按照age降序排，在年轻相同的情况下再按照薪资升序排

select * from emp order by age desc,salary asc;

# 统计各部门年龄在10岁以上的员工平均工资，并且保留平均工资大于1000的部门，然后对平均工资进行排序

select post,avg(salary) from emp

where age > 10

group by post

having avg(salary) > 1000

order by avg(salary)

;

limit 限制约束条件

# 限制展示条数

select * from emp limit 3;

# 查询工资最高的人的详细信息

select * from emp order by salary desc limit 1;

# 分页显示

select * from emp limit 0,5; # 第一个参数表示起始位置，第二个参数表示的是条数，不是索引位置

select * from emp limit 5,5;

正则匹配约束条件

select * from emp where name regexp '^j.*(n|y)$';

标签：salary,group,name,查询,emp,mysql,post,select,单表

来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/guanlei/p/10870434.html