运行多个步骤
管道由多个步骤组成，允许你构建、测试和部署应用程序，Jenkins管道允许你以简单的方式组成多个步骤，可以帮助你为任何类型的自动化过程建模。
将“步骤”想象成执行单个操作的单个命令，当一个步骤成功时，它将进入下一步，当一个步骤无法正确执行时，管道将失败。
当管道中的所有步骤都已成功完成时，将认为管道已成功执行。
Linux、BSD和Mac OS
在Linux、BSD和Mac OS(类Unix)系统上，sh步骤用于在管道中执行shell命令。
Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
sh 'echo "Hello World"'
sh '''
echo "Multiline shell steps works too"
ls -lah
'''
}
}
}
}
脚本管道(高级)：
Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
stage('Build') {
sh 'echo "Hello World"'
sh '''
echo "Multiline shell steps works too"
ls -lah
'''
}
}
Windows
基于Windows的系统应使用bat步骤来执行批处理命令。
Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
bat 'set'
}
}
}
}
脚本管道(高级)：
Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
stage('Build') {
bat 'set'
}
}
超时、重试等等
有一些强大的步骤可以“包装”其他步骤，这些步骤可以轻松解决问题，例如重试(retry)步骤直到成功或退出(如果步骤花费太长时间(timeout))。
Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Deploy') {
steps {
retry(3) {
sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
}
timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
sh './health-check.sh'
}
}
}
}
}
脚本管道(高级)：
Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
stage('Deploy') {
retry(3) {
sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
}
timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
sh './health-check.sh'
}
}
}
“Deploy”阶段重试flakey-deploy.sh脚本3次，然后等待最多3分钟对于执行health-check.sh脚本，如果运行状况检查脚本在3分钟内未完成，则管道将在“Deploy”阶段标记为已失败。
“包装”步骤(如timeout和retry)可能包含其他步骤，包括timeout或retry。
我们可以将这些步骤组合在一起，例如，如果我们想要重试我们的部署5次，但在阶段失败之前永远不想花费超过3分钟：
Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Deploy') {
steps {
timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
retry(5) {
sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
}
}
}
}
}
}
脚本管道(高级)：
Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
stage('Deploy') {
timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
retry(5) {
sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
}
}
}
}
完成
管道执行完成后，你可能需要运行清理步骤或根据管道的结果执行某些操作，这些操作可以在post部分中执行。
Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Test') {
steps {
sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'
}
}
}
post {
always {
echo 'This will always run'
}
success {
echo 'This will run only if successful'
}
failure {
echo 'This will run only if failed'
}
unstable {
echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
}
changed {
echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
}
}
}
脚本管道(高级)：
Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
try {
stage('Test') {
sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'
}
echo 'This will run only if successful'
} catch (e) {
echo 'This will run only if failed'
// Since we're catching the exception in order to report on it,
// we need to re-throw it, to ensure that the build is marked as failed
throw e
} finally {
def currentResult = currentBuild.result ?: 'SUCCESS'
if (currentResult == 'UNSTABLE') {
echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
}
def previousResult = currentBuild.previousBuild?.result
if (previousResult != null && previousResult != currentResult) {
echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
}
echo 'This will always run'
}
}
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