本文详细介绍了Spark中的算子，包括Value型Transformation算子如map、flatMap、glom等，Key-Value型Transformation算子如mapValues、reduceByKey、join等，以及Action算子如foreach、saveAsTextFile。通过实例展示了各算子的使用方法和效果。
spark算子大致上可分三大类算子：
1、Value数据类型的Transformation算子，这种变换不触发提交作业，针对处理的数据项是Value型的数据。
2、Key-Value数据类型的Transformation算子，这种变换不触发提交作业，针对处理的数据项是Key-Value型的数据。
3、Action算子，这类算子会触发SparkContext提交作业。
一、Value型Transformation算子
1)map
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog", "salmon", "salmon", "rat", "elephant"), 3)
val b=a.map(_.length)
val c=a.zip(b)
c.collect
res0: Array[(String, Int)]= Array((dog,3), (salmon,6), (salmon,6), (rat,3), (elephant,8))
2)flatMap
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 10, 5)
a.flatMap(1to _).collect
res47: Array[Int]= Array(1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
sc.parallelize(List(1, 2, 3), 2).flatMap(x =>List(x, x, x)).collect
res85: Array[Int]= Array(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3)
3)mapPartiions
val x = sc.parallelize(1 to 10, 3)
x.flatMap(List.fill(scala.util.Random.nextInt(10))(_)).collect
res1: Array[Int]= Array(1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10)
4)glom(形成一个Array数组)
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 100, 3)
a.glom.collect
res8: Array[Array[Int]]= Array(Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33), Array(34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66), Array(67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100))
5)union
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 3, 1)
val b= sc.parallelize(5 to 7, 1)
(a++b).collect
res0: Array[Int]= Array(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7)
6)cartesian(笛卡尔操作)
val x = sc.parallelize(List(1,2,3,4,5))
val y= sc.parallelize(List(6,7,8,9,10))
x.cartesian(y).collect
res0: Array[(Int, Int)]= Array((1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (1,9), (1,10), (2,6), (2,7), (2,8), (2,9), (2,10), (3,6), (3,7), (3,8), (3,9), (3,10), (4,6), (5,6), (4,7), (5,7), (4,8), (5,8), (4,9), (4,10), (5,9), (5,10))
7)groupBy(生成相应的key，相同的放在一起)
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 9, 3)
a.groupBy(x=> { if (x % 2 == 0) "even" else "odd"}).collect
res42: Array[(String, Seq[Int])]= Array((even,ArrayBuffer(2, 4, 6, 8)), (odd,ArrayBuffer(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)))
8)filter
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 10, 3)
val b= a.filter(_ % 2 == 0)
b.collect
res3: Array[Int]= Array(2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
9)distinct(去重)
val c = sc.parallelize(List("Gnu", "Cat", "Rat", "Dog", "Gnu", "Rat"), 2)
c.distinct.collect
res6: Array[String]= Array(Dog, Gnu, Cat, Rat)
10)subtract(去掉含有重复的项)
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 9, 3)
val b= sc.parallelize(1 to 3, 3)
val c=a.subtract(b)
c.collect
res3: Array[Int]= Array(6, 9, 4, 7, 5, 8)
11)sample
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 10000, 3)
a.sample(false, 0.1, 0).count
res24: Long= 960
12)takesample
val x = sc.parallelize(1 to 1000, 3)
x.takeSample(true, 100, 1)
res3: Array[Int]= Array(339, 718, 810, 105, 71, 268, 333, 360, 341, 300, 68, 848, 431, 449, 773, 172, 802, 339, 431, 285, 937, 301, 167, 69, 330, 864, 40, 645, 65, 349, 613, 468, 982, 314, 160, 675, 232, 794, 577, 571, 805, 317, 136, 860, 522, 45, 628, 178, 321, 482, 657, 114, 332, 728, 901, 290, 175, 876, 227, 130, 863, 773, 559, 301, 694, 460, 839, 952, 664, 851, 260, 729, 823, 880, 792, 964, 614, 821, 683, 364, 80, 875, 813, 951, 663, 344, 546, 918, 436, 451, 397, 670, 756, 512, 391, 70, 213, 896, 123, 858)
13)cache、persist
val c = sc.parallelize(List("Gnu", "Cat", "Rat", "Dog", "Gnu", "Rat"), 2)
c.getStorageLevel
res0: org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel= StorageLevel(false, false, false, false, 1)
c.cache
c.getStorageLevel
res2: org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel= StorageLevel(false, true, false, true, 1)
二、Key-Value型Transformation算子
1)mapValues
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog", "tiger", "lion", "cat", "panther", "eagle"), 2)
val b= a.map(x =>(x.length, x))
b.mapValues("x" + _ + "x").collect
res5: Array[(Int, String)]= Array((3,xdogx), (5,xtigerx), (4,xlionx), (3,xcatx), (7,xpantherx), (5,xeaglex))
2)combineByKey
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog","cat","gnu","salmon","rabbit","turkey","wolf","bear","bee"), 3)
val b= sc.parallelize(List(1,1,2,2,2,1,2,2,2), 3)
val c=b.zip(a)
val d= c.combineByKey(List(_), (x:List[String], y:String) => y :: x, (x:List[String], y:List[String]) =>x ::: y)
d.collect
res16: Array[(Int, List[String])]= Array((1,List(cat, dog, turkey)), (2,List(gnu, rabbit, salmon, bee, bear, wolf)))
3)reduceByKey
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog", "cat", "owl", "gnu", "ant"), 2)
val b= a.map(x =>(x.length, x))
b.reduceByKey(_+_).collect
res86: Array[(Int, String)]= Array((3,dogcatowlgnuant))
val a= sc.parallelize(List("dog", "tiger", "lion", "cat", "panther", "eagle"), 2)
val b= a.map(x =>(x.length, x))
b.reduceByKey(_+_).collect
res87: Array[(Int, String)]= Array((4,lion), (3,dogcat), (7,panther), (5,tigereagle))
4)partitionBy
(对RDD进行分区操作)
5)cogroup
val a = sc.parallelize(List(1, 2, 1, 3), 1)
val b= a.map((_, "b"))
val c= a.map((_, "c"))
b.cogroup(c).collect
res7: Array[(Int, (Iterable[String], Iterable[String]))]=Array(
(2,(ArrayBuffer(b),ArrayBuffer(c))),
(3,(ArrayBuffer(b),ArrayBuffer(c))),
(1,(ArrayBuffer(b, b),ArrayBuffer(c, c)))
)
6)join
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog", "salmon", "salmon", "rat", "elephant"), 3)
val b=a.keyBy(_.length)
val c= sc.parallelize(List("dog","cat","gnu","salmon","rabbit","turkey","wolf","bear","bee"), 3)
val d=c.keyBy(_.length)
b.join(d).collect
res0: Array[(Int, (String, String))]= Array((6,(salmon,salmon)), (6,(salmon,rabbit)), (6,(salmon,turkey)), (6,(salmon,salmon)), (6,(salmon,rabbit)), (6,(salmon,turkey)), (3,(dog,dog)), (3,(dog,cat)), (3,(dog,gnu)), (3,(dog,bee)), (3,(rat,dog)), (3,(rat,cat)), (3,(rat,gnu)), (3,(rat,bee)))
7)leftOutJoin
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog", "salmon", "salmon", "rat", "elephant"), 3)
val b=a.keyBy(_.length)
val c= sc.parallelize(List("dog","cat","gnu","salmon","rabbit","turkey","wolf","bear","bee"), 3)
val d=c.keyBy(_.length)
b.leftOuterJoin(d).collect
res1: Array[(Int, (String, Option[String]))]= Array((6,(salmon,Some(salmon))), (6,(salmon,Some(rabbit))), (6,(salmon,Some(turkey))), (6,(salmon,Some(salmon))), (6,(salmon,Some(rabbit))), (6,(salmon,Some(turkey))), (3,(dog,Some(dog))), (3,(dog,Some(cat))), (3,(dog,Some(gnu))), (3,(dog,Some(bee))), (3,(rat,Some(dog))), (3,(rat,Some(cat))), (3,(rat,Some(gnu))), (3,(rat,Some(bee))), (8,(elephant,None)))
8)rightOutJoin
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog", "salmon", "salmon", "rat", "elephant"), 3)
val b=a.keyBy(_.length)
val c= sc.parallelize(List("dog","cat","gnu","salmon","rabbit","turkey","wolf","bear","bee"), 3)
val d=c.keyBy(_.length)
b.rightOuterJoin(d).collect
res2: Array[(Int, (Option[String], String))]= Array((6,(Some(salmon),salmon)), (6,(Some(salmon),rabbit)), (6,(Some(salmon),turkey)), (6,(Some(salmon),salmon)), (6,(Some(salmon),rabbit)), (6,(Some(salmon),turkey)), (3,(Some(dog),dog)), (3,(Some(dog),cat)), (3,(Some(dog),gnu)), (3,(Some(dog),bee)), (3,(Some(rat),dog)), (3,(Some(rat),cat)), (3,(Some(rat),gnu)), (3,(Some(rat),bee)), (4,(None,wolf)), (4,(None,bear)))
三、Actions算子
1)foreach
val c = sc.parallelize(List("cat", "dog", "tiger", "lion", "gnu", "crocodile", "ant", "whale", "dolphin", "spider"), 3)
c.foreach(x => println(x + "s are yummy"))
lions are yummy
gnus are yummy
crocodiles are yummy
ants are yummy
whales are yummy
dolphins are yummy
spiders are yummy
2)saveAsTextFile
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 10000, 3)
a.saveAsTextFile("mydata_a")14/04/03 21:11:36 INFO FileOutputCommitter: Saved output of task 'attempt_201404032111_0000_m_000002_71' to file:/home/cloudera/Documents/spark-0.9.0-incubating-bin-cdh4/bin/mydata_a
3)saveAsObjectFile
val x = sc.parallelize(1 to 100, 3)
x.saveAsObjectFile("objFile")
val y= sc.objectFile[Int]("objFile")
y.collect
res52: Array[Int]= Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100)
4)collect
val c = sc.parallelize(List("Gnu", "Cat", "Rat", "Dog", "Gnu", "Rat"), 2)
c.collect
res29: Array[String]= Array(Gnu, Cat, Rat, Dog, Gnu, Rat)
5)collectAsMap
val a = sc.parallelize(List(1, 2, 1, 3), 1)
val b=a.zip(a)
b.collectAsMap
res1: scala.collection.Map[Int,Int]= Map(2 -> 2, 1 -> 1, 3 -> 3)
6)reduceByKeyLocally
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog", "cat", "owl", "gnu", "ant"), 2)
val b= a.map(x =>(x.length, x))
b.reduceByKey(_+_).collect
res86: Array[(Int, String)]= Array((3,dogcatowlgnuant))
7)lookup
val a = sc.parallelize(List("dog", "tiger", "lion", "cat", "panther", "eagle"), 2)
val b= a.map(x =>(x.length, x))
b.lookup(5)
res0: Seq[String]= WrappedArray(tiger, eagle)
8)count
val c = sc.parallelize(List("Gnu", "Cat", "Rat", "Dog"), 2)
c.count
res2: Long= 4
9)top
val c = sc.parallelize(Array(6, 9, 4, 7, 5, 8), 2)
c.top(2)
res28: Array[Int]= Array(9, 8)
10)reduce
val a = sc.parallelize(1 to 100, 3)
a.reduce(_+_)
res41: Int= 5050
11)fold
val a = sc.parallelize(List(1,2,3), 3)
a.fold(0)(_ +_)
res59: Int= 6
12)aggregate
val z = sc.parallelize(List(1,2,3,4,5,6), 2)//lets first print out the contents of the RDD with partition labels
def myfunc(index: Int, iter: Iterator[(Int)]) : Iterator[String] ={
iter.toList.map(x=> "[partID:" + index + ", val:" + x + "]").iterator
}
z.mapPartitionsWithIndex(myfunc).collect
res28: Array[String]= Array([partID:0, val: 1], [partID:0, val: 2], [partID:0, val: 3], [partID:1, val: 4], [partID:1, val: 5], [partID:1, val: 6])
z.aggregate(0)(math.max(_, _), _ +_)
res40: Int= 9
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